Orders, materials, and terminologies of colours in the 18th century

在美术中，色彩一直是，并且仍然是所有创作和生产过程中不可或缺的核心工具。此外，在系统、图表、清单和列表中对颜色进行排序，一方面为艺术、工艺和贸易方面的实践知识提供了桥梁，另一方面为自然哲学、自然历史和艺术理论方面的系统/理论调查和分类提供了桥梁。在启蒙运动时期，由于人们努力将晦涩难懂的知识呈现出来，各种各样的彩色系统、彩色图表和颜色标准被制作出来，数量急剧增加。他们形成了理论和实践方法的联系，以及跨学科交流的场所——理论系统学和实践相关背景之间的交易区（Long 2011）。拟议项目的重点是探索这个星座。它旨在研究如何将色调和颜色材料概念化，以及如何创建和可视化秩序。它将对历史色彩术语、色彩材料（如颜料和染料）和色彩顺序进行彻底而全面的分析，并在此基础上系统地分析色彩理论、色彩系统、色彩工艺、艺术家实践和艺术理论之间的联系。因此，该项目有望获得对颜色的重要性以及着色剂和色调相关术语的具体见解。它还将提供对实践、理论和学术知识相互作用的更一般的理解。除了技术的顺序，研究项目的主要重点是外观模式，并通过交流的中心要求，也在其叙事上。

In fine arts, colour has always been, and still is, a central and indispensable tool in all creative and producing process. Moreover, ordering colours in systems, charts, inventories, and lists has provided a bridge between the practical knowledge in arts, crafts, and trade on the one hand, and the systematic/ theoretical investigation and categorization in natural philosophy, natural history, and art theory on the other. In the period of Enlightenment, with its effort of rendering arcane knowledge visible, painted colour systems, colour charts, and colour standards were produced in great variety and steeply increasing numbers. They formed a link of theoretical and practical approaches and a place of interdisciplinary exchange – a trading zone (Long 2011) between theoretical systematics and practice-related contexts. The proposed project focuses on the exploration of this constellation. It aims at examining how hues and colours materials were conceptualized, and how order was created and visualized. It will pursue a thorough and comprehensive analysis of historical colour terms, colour materials (like pigments and dyestuffs), and colour orders, and on that fundament it will analyze in a systematic way the connexions of colour theory, colour systems, colour craftmanship, artists’ practice and art theory. As a result, the project is expected to gain specific insights into the materiality of colours and the related terminology of colorants and hues. It will also provide a more general understanding of the interaction of practical, theoretical, and academic knowledge. In addition to the orders of techne, the main focus of the research project is particularly on the modes of appearance and, via the central requirement of communication, also on its narratives.