Police, Politics, Polis – Dealing with refugees in the city

该研究项目侧重于大城市中当地与难民的交往和互动。它调查了三个方面之间的相互关系：地方警察作为国家垄断使用武力的地方代表的作用（“警察”），处理难民问题的城市战略的相关性（“政治”）以及城市社会行动者，网络和话语的重要性（“城邦”）。重点是警察在多大程度上参与当地的做法，以及他们的行动如何受到当地情况的影响。通过这种方式，该研究项目发现了移民政策研究在当地转向的趋势。如果可以证明，即使警察的行动严格受法律约束，直接由国家负责，体现了国家对使用武力的垄断，也受到城市背景的这种塑造，那么这是进一步追求移民政策研究的地方转向的有力论据。从概念上讲，该项目假设，首先，城市通过其历史上发展的实践，自我理解和话语，为行动者提供了特定的实践方式。它们为合作和冲突的表达提供了空间，为关注和解释需求和问题提供了空间，为构建共性和差异提供了空间。除了官方的城市政治之外，地方民间社会的行动者也特别重要。其次，由于其特定的社会整合逻辑，城市也被设计为连接开放边界和处理异质性的实践。在这方面，它们与国家不同，但又相互补充。第三，我们假设城市空间中警察行动的调解逻辑本质上是由“安全”和“人类尊严”两极之间的紧张规范场所塑造的。因此，如何在与人的尊严和谐相处的情况下保障安全是在城市空间中谈判和具体化的。计划中的项目包括三个模块，将被定义为“绘图”、“嵌入”和“理解”，并将使用数据收集和解释的定性解释方法进行处理。在巴登-武州、符腾堡州、黑森州和下萨克森州的六个城市，将分析警察对挑战和行动可能性的看法以及所采取的安全战略。第二步，这些警察的观点和行动方向将通过询问它们与制度化实践、公共解释模式和实地行动者网络的关系在多大程度上被嵌入到当地环境中。然后，第三个模块将调查城市警察处理难民的具体方式可以在多大程度上被提及，以及它们的断层线和潜力在哪里。

The research project focuses on the local dealings and interactions with refugees in larger cities. It investigates the interrelationships between three aspects: the role of the local police as local representatives of the state monopoly on the use of force ("police"), the relevance of urban strategies in dealing with refugee issues ("politics") and the importance of urban social actors, networks and discourses ("polis"). The focus is on the extent to which the police are involved in local practices and how their actions are shaped by the local context. In this way, the research project picks up on tendencies towards a local turn in migration policy research. If it can be shown that even police action as strictly law-bound, in direct state responsibility and embodying the state monopoly on the use of force is subject to such a shaping by the urban context, then this is a strong argument to pursue the local turn of migration policy research further. Conceptually, the project assumes, first, that cities, through their historically developed practices, self-understandings and discourses, suggest particular ways of practice to actors. They offer spaces for cooperation and conflict articulation, for focusing and interpreting needs and problems, and for constructing commonalities and differences. In addition to official urban politics, actors of local civil society are of particular relevance. Second, because of their specific logic of social integration, cities are also designed to link open borders and practices of dealing with heterogeneity. They differ from states in this respect, but are in complementary relationships to them. Third, we assume that the mediation logic underlying police action in urban space is essentially shaped by a normative field of tension between the poles of "security" and "human dignity". How security can be guaranteed in harmony with human dignity is thus negotiated and concretized in urban space. The planned project comprises three modules, which will be defined as "Mapping", "Embedding" and "Understanding" and will be processed using qualitative-interpretative methods of data collection and interpretation. In six cities in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and Lower Saxony, police perceptions of the challenges and possibilities for action as well as the security strategies pursued are to be analysed. In a second step, these police perspectives and orientations for action will be embedded in the local contexts by asking to what extent they are related to institutionalised practices, public patterns of interpretation and networks of actors on the ground. The third module will then investigate the extent to which specific urban-police ways of dealing with refugees can be spoken of and where their fault lines and potentials can lie.