Handbook of Religion and Church History in Slovakia in the 20th Century

宗教团体在20世纪对斯洛伐克的历史产生了重大影响。一个突出的例子是天主教徒和新教徒在斯洛伐克民族运动中所起的突出作用，或教会在1989/1990年期间抵抗国家社会主义和政治变革中所起的作用。然而，直到今天，还没有全面的卷来概述20世纪斯洛伐克教会和宗教团体的发展。计划中的项目旨在通过对斯洛伐克历史上的宗教和教会提供一个有充分根据的跨时代和跨教派的概述来缩小这一差距。这一努力的核心是两个关键方面。一方面，该项目特别注意斯洛伐克人口的多民族性质，这种性质往往与人民的宗教信仰不相符，但对该国的历史发展具有特殊意义。对讲德语、匈牙利语和鲁塞尼语的少数民族给予特别关注。另一方面，它关注的是该国20世纪独裁统治下宗教团体的活动。目的是考察教堂在1939年至1945年天主教神父Jozef Tiso领导的法西斯政权下的运作，以及1948年至1989年宗教团体与国家社会主义之间的对抗。在这种背景下，宗教团体的活动受到国家镇压的严重限制，但同时也是能够与政权达成协议，有时还积极合作的行动者。该项目的核心方法是将宗教描述为历史发展的一个重要因素，并通过讨论共同历史的主题来检查共同和分歧的宗教社区的发展，以及研究教派之间的关系。这一思路一方面涉及宗教与政治、社会关系的基本趋向，另一方面也涉及宗教实践的基本趋向。这项计画的主要目标之一，是呈现斯洛伐克复杂且经常政治化的宗教历史写作，但同时透过概览性文章和严格的编辑程序，将其置于情境中，使其更以事实为基础。计划中的手册正在与一个国际跨学科作者小组一起编写。该出版物将分两个阶段出版——印刷版和网络版——德语和斯洛伐克语版本。在读者方面，它将以学术界为目标，为斯洛伐克的教会和宗教历史提供新的见解。同时，它也将作为一本关于宗教间紧张关系、合作与对抗问题的参考书，以教育工作者和广大公众为对象。

Religious communities have significantly influenced the history of Slovakia during the 20th century. An outstanding example is the prominent part that both Catholics and Protestants played in the Slovak national movement or the role of the churches in the resistance against state socialism and in the political change during the 1989/1990 period. Until today, however, no comprehensive volume is available to give an overview of developments within the churches and religious communities in Slovakia in the 20th century. The planned project aims to close this gap by providing a well-founded cross-epochal and cross-denominational over-view of religion and churches in the history of Slovakia.Two key aspects are at the center of this effort. On the one hand, the project pays special attention to the multiethnic nature of Slovakia’s population which often did not match the peo-ple’s religious affiliations, but which nevertheless was of exceptional significance for the his-torical development of the country. Special regard is paid to the German, Hungarian, and Ruthene-speaking minorities. On the other hand, it focuses on the activities of religious com-munities under the country’s 20th-century dictatorships. The aim is to examine both the churches’ functioning under the fascist regime headed by the Catholic priest Jozef Tiso from 1939 to 1945, and the confrontation between religious communities and state socialism from 1948 to 1989. The religious communities appear in this context as institutions that suffered severe restrictions of their activities through state repression, but also as actors capable of coming to terms, and at times actively collaborating, with the regime.The central approach of this project is to describe religion as an important factor of historical development and – by discussing the topic in terms of a shared history – to examine devel-opments of the religious communities both shared and divergent, as well as to study relations between denominations. This approach concerns both the basic tendencies in the relationship of religion with politics and society on the one hand, and in religious practice on the other. It is one of the primary goals of this project to represent the complicated and often politicized reli-gion history writing in Slovakia, but at the same time to contextualize it and make it more fact-based by means of overview articles and a rigorous editing process.The planned handbook is being developed together with an international interdisciplinary team of authors. The publication will appear in a two-stage process – in print and online – in both German and Slovak. In terms of readership it will be aimed at the academic community, providing new insights into church and religion history of Slovakia. At the same time, it will also serve as a reference work on the topic of interreligious tension, cooperation and confron-tation, aimed at educators and at the broader public.