Fail Successfully. On the significance of spin-offs for construction at the end of the high modern age

拟议的扩建项目是基于“钢结构建筑”项目的成果。钢铁工业创新体系中的预制钢（组合）房屋（1920 - 1970年代）。“预制钢房屋的起源给当代技术建筑研究带来了设计、建筑物理和化学方面的挑战。尽管市场上预制钢结构房屋的建立失败了，但与之相关的部分创新可以被视为一个成功的故事。这种现象在创新研究中被称为副产品，是研究项目的重点。与创新历史相关的一项研究发现是，混合复合材料的开发作为创新过程的副产品-最初由钢铁工业发起-与新的混合即跨部门创新系统的形成密切交织在一起。在元历史层面，将研究这一现象及其对从失败的创新过程中长期传播成功的附带利益的意义。这些过程尚未被研究人员系统地研究。该项目有助于从概念上扩展这一方法。由于其内容侧重于建筑业，它重新构建了一个具体的混合创新系统的以前未知的细节。中间一级的核心研究成果是通过参与监管的机构的分化（机构衍生）形成的，这远远超出了材料测试办公室。它们代表着对预制房屋行业的控制，也代表着新测试程序的开发和标准化（方法技术衍生产品）。与此同时，出现了新形式的大规模生产的建筑构件（建筑附带产品），这反过来又影响到建筑许可证程序。在微观历史层面上，可以看到夹层结构方法和元件连接的设计被转移到商业建筑的各个领域，并获得了高度现代化的轻钢结构的结构特征（建筑衍生物）。参与钢（复合）房屋开发的演员被任命为大学教授，将知识转化为教学，从而塑造了结构钢工程（学术衍生）中土木工程师的设计。该项目有助于更好地理解历史创新性，并允许更清楚地勾勒出高度现代化的结构工程历史的坐标系。它构成了SPP主题领域“捕获和分类”的重要组成部分，并为重新评估历史保护方面的高度现代化建筑提供了基础。

The proposed extension project is based on the results of the project "Building with Steel. Prefabricated Steel (Composite) Houses in the Innovation System of the Steel Industry (1920s-1970s)." The genesis of prefabricated steel houses presented contemporary technical building research with challenges in terms of design, building physics and chemistry. Even though the establishment of prefabricated steel houses on the market failed, the partial innovations associated with them can be seen as a success story. This phenomenon, known in innovation research as spin-off, is the focus of the research project. A research finding relevant to the history of innovation is that the development of hybrid composite materials as spin-offs of the innovation processes - initially initiated by the steel industry - was closely interwoven with the formation of new, hybrid, i.e. cross-sectoral innovation systems. At the metahistorical level, this phenomenon and its significance for the diffusion of successful spin-offs from failed innovation processes in the long term will be investigated. These are processes that have not yet been systematically investigated by researchers. The project contributes to a conceptual extension of this approach. Since its content focuses on the construction industry, it reconstructs the previously unknown specifics of a concrete hybrid innovation system. A central research result at the meso level is formed by the differentiation of institutions involved in regulation (institutional spin-off), which goes far beyond the material testing offices. They stand for the control of the prefabricated house sector, but also for the development and standardization of new test procedures (methodological-technological spin-off). At the same time, new forms of mass-produced building components emerged (constructive spin-off), which in turn affected building permit procedures. On a micro-historical level, it can be seen that the sandwich construction method and the design of the connections of the elements were transferred to various areas of commercial construction and gained constitutive traits for the lightweight steel construction of high modernity (constructive spin-off). Actors involved in the development of the steel (composite) houses were appointed to university professorships, transferred the knowledge into teaching and thereby shaped the design of civil engineers in structural steel engineering (academic spin-off). The project contributes to a better understanding of historical innovativeness and allows to more clearly outline the coordinate system of the history of structural engineering for high modernity. It forms an important building block for the thematic field "Capturing and Classifying" of SPP and provides the basis for re-evaluating high-modern constructions in terms of historic preservation.