Interregional Income Transfer and the Regional Employment Structure : Transfer Problem in Three-sector and Two-region Model

随着经济的发展，服务业劳动力的比重呈上升趋势。与著名的佩蒂-克拉克定律相反，区域就业结构并不一定遵循这一模式。也就是说，人们经常观察到，经济落后地区从事服务业的劳动力比例超过了先进地区。在服务业生产的产品在区域间的可贸易性有限的情况下，区域间的收入转移可能会导致这种“悖论”的观察。先进地区通过中央财政对落后地区的补贴可以成为收入转移的主要渠道。此外，工资水平的地区间差异相对于劳动生产率的地区间差异较小，这意味着通过发展多地区经营的私营企业可能存在地区间收入转移。 ...更多信息 落后地区不一定以牺牲先进地区的收入水平为代价来提高落后地区的收入水平。通过转移支付增加有效需求，可以提高国民收入水平。在边际储蓄倾向和边际"航运"倾向满足一定条件的情况下，落后地区可以促进一国经济的加速发展，而地区间收入转移可以作为一种财政政策工具。为了解释从经济发达地区到落后地区的区域间转移对所观察到的就业变化的作用，在经济发展过程中。实证研究表明，在日本、中国和美国，地区间收入转移具有增加服务业劳动力比重的趋势，即通过地区间收入转移，可以刺激落后地区服务业劳动力比重相对于制造业劳动力比重的增加，只要先进地区的边际储蓄倾向超过落后地区，整个地区的边际服务进口倾向无论是先进地区还是落后地区都相对较小。少

A share of labor force engaged in service sector tends to increase as economy develops nation as a whole. Contrary to the well known Petty-Clark's Law, regional employment structure does not necessarily follow this pattern. Namely, it is often observed that a share of labor force engaged in service sector in economically backward regions exceeds that in advanced regions. Interregional income transfer under the limited tradability of goods produced by service sector among regions can possibly result in this "paradoxical" observation. Subsidy from advanced region to backward region through the central government could be a major channel for the income transfer. Furthermore, relatively low interregional variability in salary compared with that in labor productivity can imply possible interregional income transfer through private firms which develop multi-regional operation.The most important implication derived from the above model is that income transfer from advanced regions to the back … More ward regions does not necessarily increase the level of income of backward regions at the expense of advanced regions. An increase in the effective demand through the transfer can improve national income level nation as a whole. Backward regions can contribute for accelerating economic development of a country and interregional income transfer can be used as an instrument for fiscal policies as far as marginal propensity to save and marginal propensity of "ship" goods to other region satisfy a certain conditions.This research has developed a three-sector two-region model of a national income determination in order to explain the role of interregional transfer from an economically advanced region to a backward region for the observed changes in employment structure in a process of economic development. The empirical study strongly indicates that interregional income transfer has a tendency to increase the share of labor force engaged in service sector in Japan, China and US.Namely, the share of labor engaged in service sector in the backward region could have been stimulated relative to that in manufacturing sector through interregional transfer, as far as marginal propensity to save in the advanced region exceed that in the backward region and marginal propensity to import for service across the region is relatively small for both advanced and backward regions. Less