STUDY ON ECONOMIC RELATION AMONG REPUBLICS (AUTONOMOUS PROVINCES) AND REGIONAL ECONOMIES IN YUGOSLAVIA

首先，通过联邦一级为缩小南北经济差距而设立的欠发达地区加速发展基金(FAD)提供的财政援助被证明是低效和无效的；其次，发达地区对欠发达地区的直接投资并没有增加太多，因为1974年宪法制度阻止了资本的自由转移。第三，尽管一直强调南斯拉夫统一市场的必要性，但实际上在20世纪70年代就出现了经济地域关闭的趋势。以波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那为例，从共和国以外供应的商品比例从1970年的36.9%下降到1978年的27.1%。这意味着与历史趋势相反，南斯拉夫的共和(省)间门槛变得更高。这一趋势变得明显，特别是在1974年宪法Gav…制度之后把更多的权力交给共和国和自治区。1977年的《外汇交易和对外贷款法》进一步促进了领土封闭和专制的趋势。事实上，在总体外汇赤字中，每个共和国和自治省的行为都是以牺牲其他共和国和自治省的利益为代价，尽可能地增加其领土上的外汇收入，以求实现账目平衡。因此，随着同样的专制运动在每个共和国和省或社区的框架内进行，这些领土单位与世界经济直接相连。从经济上看，南联盟的解体趋势早在20世纪70年代初就开始了，南斯拉夫社会主义的崩溃，更确切地说，是1974年宪法政权的崩溃，引发了严重的民族冲突。然而，曾经由前南斯拉夫组成的国家需要某种形式的松散联系，因为即使是前南斯拉夫最发达的区域也缺乏在世界市场上的竞争力。较少

Firstly, financial aids through the Fund for Accelerating Development of Less-Developed Regions (FAD), which was established at the Federation level to reduce economic difference between the North and the South, have proved to be inefficient and ineffective.Secondly, direct investments to the less developed regions by the developed regions did not increase so much because the regime of the 1974 Constitution has prevented free transfer of capitals.Thirdly, although the necessity of the unified Yugoslav market was always stressed, in fact the tendency of territorial closing of economies was proceeding in the 1970s. In the case of the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, for example, the ration of commodities supplied from outside the Republic decreased from 36.9% in 1970 to 27.1% in 1978. This means that in contrast to the historical trend inter-Republican (Provincial) thresholds became higher in Yugoslavia. This tendency became evident especially after the regime of the 1974 Constitution gav … More e big powers to Republics and Autonomous Provinces. The tendencies of territorial closeing and autarchy had been further promoted by the law on foreign currency dealing and external credits of 1977. In fact, in the overall foreign currency deficit each Republic and Autonomous Province behaved so as to increase foreign currency revenue in its territory as much as possible at the sacrifice of other Republics and Autonomous Provnces in order to make the accounts balance. Consequently as the same autarchic movement was going on within the framework of each Republic and Province or commune, these territorial units became directly connected with the world economy. From economic point of view, the tendency of disintegration of the Yugoslav Federation had begun already in the early 1970s.The collapse of socialism in Yugoslavia, more cocretly, the collapse of the regime of the 1974 Constitution caused serious national conflicts. Nevertheless, countries which had consisted of the former Yugoslavia need a loose connection in some form because even the most developed region of the former Yugoslavia lacks competitiveness in world markets. Less