International Comparison of Investment Climate in Transitional Economies : Central Eastern Europe vs.the Russian Far East and South Eastern Europe

第一，转型期国家，特别是中东欧国家积极吸引外国直接投资，以弥补资金不足，引进先进技术和管理知识。为此目的，这些国家必须改善其投资环境。第二，在这方面，斯洛文尼亚是一个例外，它是前南斯拉夫的共和国之一。该国在公司私有化过程中优先考虑内部人员，不愿意吸引外国直接投资。尽管如此，它的经济表现还是比较好的。这似乎是一个谜。斯洛文尼亚对外国直接投资持谨慎态度，是因为它虽是一个小国，但始终坚持独立自主的精神，而且国际竞争力相对较强， 关于我们 把灵魂带走随着1990年代后半期与前南斯拉夫的各个继承国恢复友好关系，斯洛文尼亚积极进入前南斯拉夫的市场。第三，作为一个边缘国家，东南欧与俄罗斯远东地区有一些共同之处。东南欧在改善支持市场经济的基础设施方面一直落后于中东欧。从1990年代初到2002年，东南欧的外国直接投资流入总量非常小，总量一直约为中东欧的七分之二和六分之一。2003年，中东欧国家的FDI流入量急剧下降，说明私有化已基本完成，而东南欧国家的FDI流入量则急剧上升，说明私有化正在发展。第四，西巴尔干半岛的国家总体局势不稳，投资环境十分恶劣。然而，克罗地亚近年来改革取得了很大进展，吸引了大量外国直接投资流入。自1999年以来，欧盟一直通过“稳定与结盟进程”支持西巴尔干半岛的国家的改革。因此，这些国家的投资环境正在逐步改善，这些国家的外国直接投资流入量正在增加。少

The following points have been clarified : First, transitional countries, especially Central East European (CEE) countries have actively attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to cover insufficient capitals and introduce advanced technologies and managerial know-how. For that purpose, these countries have endeavored to improve their investment climate. Hungary, in particular, has attained economic development led by foreign capitals.Second, in this regard an exceptional country is Slovenia, which was one of Republics of the former Yugoslavia. The country gave preference to insiders in the process of privatization of firms, and it has been reluctant to attract FDI. Nevertheless, its economic performance has been better. Seemingly, this is an enigma. Its cautious attitude toward FDI derives from its spirit of independence and self-reliance that Slovenia has firmly maintained in spite of a small country as well as relatively stronger international competitiveness which has sup … More ported the spirit. With rapprochement with individual successor countries of the former Yugoslavia in the second half of the 1990s, Slovenia has actively entered markets of the former Yugoslavia. Recently Slovenia is becoming a capital-exporting country.Third, as a periphery South Eastern Europe (SEE) has something in common with the Russian Far East. SEE has been lagging behind CEE in improvement of infrastructure which supports a market economy. From beginning of the 1990s through 2002 the total amount of FDI inflow in SEE was extremely small, and the total amount has always been about two sevenths and one sixths of that in CEE. In 2003, however, the amount of FDI inflow decreased suddenly in CEE reflecting the almost completion of privatization while FDI inflow increased sharply in SEE reflecting the development of privatization.Fourth, the West Balkan countries in general have been in unstable situations and their investment climate has been very bad. Exceptionally, however, in Croatia reforms made a great progress in recent years, and the country has been attracting a big amount of FDI inflow. Since 1999 EU has been supporting reforms in the West Balkan countries through ‘Stabilization and Association Process'. Owing to this, the investment climate in these countries is being improved gradually, and the amount of FDI inflow in these countries is increasing. Less