International Comparison of Investment Climate in Transitional Economies : Central Eastern Europe vs.the Russian Far East and South Eastern Europe

澄清了以下几点：第一，转型国家，特别是中东欧国家，积极吸引外国直接投资，以弥补资本不足，引进先进技术和管理诀窍。为此，这些国家努力改善其投资环境。特别是匈牙利，经济发展是由外资带动的。第二，在这方面，一个特殊的国家是斯洛文尼亚，它是前南斯拉夫共和国之一。中国在企业私有化过程中优先考虑内部人士，一直不愿吸引外国直接投资。尽管如此，它的经济表现一直更好。似乎，这是一个谜。斯洛文尼亚对外商直接投资的谨慎态度源于其独立和自力更生的精神，尽管斯洛文尼亚是一个小国，但它仍然坚定地保持着这种精神，以及相对较强的国际竞争力，这已经超过了…更多的是精神上的体现。随着斯洛文尼亚在1990年代后半期与前南斯拉夫的个别继承国和解，斯洛文尼亚积极进入前南斯拉夫的市场。最近，斯洛文尼亚正在成为一个资本输出国。第三，作为边缘地区的东南欧与俄罗斯远东地区有一些共同之处。SEE在支持市场经济的基础设施改善方面一直落后于中东欧国家。从20世纪90年代初到2002年，东南欧地区的FDI流入总量极小，一直保持在中东欧地区的七分之二和六分之一左右。但2003年，中东欧地区FDI流入量骤降，反映私有化基本完成，而SEE地区FDI流入量急剧上升，反映私有化的发展。然而，克罗地亚的改革近年来取得了很大进展，该国吸引了大量外国直接投资。自1999年以来，欧盟一直通过“稳定与结盟进程”支持西巴尔干国家的改革。正因为如此，这些国家的投资环境正在逐步改善，外国直接投资流入这些国家的金额也在增加。较少

The following points have been clarified : First, transitional countries, especially Central East European (CEE) countries have actively attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to cover insufficient capitals and introduce advanced technologies and managerial know-how. For that purpose, these countries have endeavored to improve their investment climate. Hungary, in particular, has attained economic development led by foreign capitals.Second, in this regard an exceptional country is Slovenia, which was one of Republics of the former Yugoslavia. The country gave preference to insiders in the process of privatization of firms, and it has been reluctant to attract FDI. Nevertheless, its economic performance has been better. Seemingly, this is an enigma. Its cautious attitude toward FDI derives from its spirit of independence and self-reliance that Slovenia has firmly maintained in spite of a small country as well as relatively stronger international competitiveness which has sup … More ported the spirit. With rapprochement with individual successor countries of the former Yugoslavia in the second half of the 1990s, Slovenia has actively entered markets of the former Yugoslavia. Recently Slovenia is becoming a capital-exporting country.Third, as a periphery South Eastern Europe (SEE) has something in common with the Russian Far East. SEE has been lagging behind CEE in improvement of infrastructure which supports a market economy. From beginning of the 1990s through 2002 the total amount of FDI inflow in SEE was extremely small, and the total amount has always been about two sevenths and one sixths of that in CEE. In 2003, however, the amount of FDI inflow decreased suddenly in CEE reflecting the almost completion of privatization while FDI inflow increased sharply in SEE reflecting the development of privatization.Fourth, the West Balkan countries in general have been in unstable situations and their investment climate has been very bad. Exceptionally, however, in Croatia reforms made a great progress in recent years, and the country has been attracting a big amount of FDI inflow. Since 1999 EU has been supporting reforms in the West Balkan countries through ‘Stabilization and Association Process'. Owing to this, the investment climate in these countries is being improved gradually, and the amount of FDI inflow in these countries is increasing. Less