How people think about health and illness : The relationship of health locus of control

为探讨人们的健康/疾病观念与个人控制的关系，1994~1995年进行了两项研究。第一项研究要求279名大学生和91名护理学院学生回答关于15种疾病的健康控制源量表和语义差异量表。结果表明，基于语义差异量表的每个疾病意象都受到疾病的直接或间接经验、疾病的生物医学解释知识和健康控制源的影响。同时分析了健康心理控制源与态度/应对行为的关系。对日本319名学生和259名中年成年人、韩国172名学生和美国125名学生进行问卷调查，内容包括健康控制源量表、对伦理保健问题的态度量表和对某些疾病的应对行为量表。日本人、韩国人和美国人对道德保健问题的态度不同。研究发现，人们对道德保健问题的态度与健康控制点之间存在一些有趣的关系。不同受试者的疾病应对行为也不同，且应对行为与健康心理控制源之间存在显著的相关关系。

To investigate the relationships between people's idea about health/ illness and personal control, two research projects were undertaken in 1994 & 1995.In the first research, 279 university students and 91 students in a school of nursing were required to answer the health locus of control scales and the semantic differential scales on 15 diseases. The results showed that each illness image based on semantic differential scales were influenced by the direct or indirect experience of the diseases, the knowledge of biomedical explanation of the diseases, and the health locus of control.The purpose of the second study was to compare attitudes to ethical health care issues and coping behaviors to sicknesses in four socio-cultural groups. The relationships between health locus of control and the attitudes/coping behaviors were also analyzed. 319 students and 259 middle aged adults in Japan, 172 students in Korea, and 125 students in the U.S.A.were asked to answer the questionnaire that included the health locus of control scales, the scale for attitudes to ethical health care issues, and the scale for coping behavior to some sicknesses. The attitudes towards ethical health care issues were different in Japanese, Korean, and American subjects. Several interesting relationships between the attitudes toward ethical health care issues and health locus of control were found. The coping behavior to sickness were also different among the subject groups, and the significant relationships between the coping behaviors and health locus of control were indentified.