Surface roughness and its effects on wall-bounded turbulence

在工程中，湍流很重要的例子有：风洞模型测试，飞机机翼上湍流表面摩擦阻力的数值预测，潜艇或道路车辆周围的湍流力和声场，以及大气中污染物的扩散。湍流也可能是有益的，例如，在改善发动机燃烧和减少污染物排放。因此，这项研究将在许多科学领域对国家有利，例如，在节省燃料（经济和能源），道路车辆的稳定性（安全和健康），潜艇的噪音产生和声学特征（改造国防技术和保护澳大利亚）。

Examples in engineering where turbulence is important are: wind tunnel model testing, numerical prediction of turbulent skin friction drag over an aircraft wing, turbulent forces and acoustic field around a submarine or a road vehicle, and the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. Turbulence may also be beneficial, for example, in improving engine combustion and decreasing pollutant emissions. Hence this study will have national benefits in many scientific fields, for example, in fuel savings (economy and energy ), stability of road vehicles (safety and health), noise generation and acoustic signatures of submarines (transforming defence technology and safeguarding Australia).