Diaspora Governance from Below: A Case Study of Stateless Kurdish Community Associations in Berlin and Jerusalem

散居者建立了广泛的协会来影响难民对新社会的适应。他们还培育自己的文化，向其成员提供实际援助，捍卫他们的利益，克服他们的孤立状态，并保持与祖国的联系。侨民协会在本国事务中也发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，无国籍侨民协会的主题被淡化了-他们如何以及为什么建立他们的地方和跨界结构；他们在管理难民登记程序和他们的国土事务方面的主要职能是什么；他们在合法性方面面临什么样的挑战。此外，值得强调的是，城市和国家两级的不同政治机会结构（POSs）如何塑造机构场所内的动态和相互作用。为了解决这些中心盲点，该项目试图调查背景条件以及与全球北部柏林和全球南部中东地区耶路撒冷的库尔德侨民协会相关的制度和文化层面。基于文献综述、民族志实地调查和深度访谈，以及比较和解释分析，该项目将对散居者协会、难民、地方和区域当局以及祖国行动者之间的复杂关系产生新的见解。它将阐明库尔德协会如何从下而上实施一种平衡的散居管理模式，这种模式有助于难民的合并、移民制度的改革和国土事务的管理。

Diasporas establish a wide range of associations to affect the adaptation of refugees to new societies. They also foster their own culture, provide their members with practical assistance, defend their interests, overcome their isolation and maintain links with the homeland. The role of diaspora associations is crucial in homeland matters, too. However, the subject of stateless diaspora associations is downplayed — how and why they establish their local and trans-border structures; what their key functions are in the management of the refugee incorporation process and their homeland affairs, and; what challenges they face in terms of legitimacy. Furthermore, it is worth emphasising how different political opportunity structures (POSs) at both the urban and national levels shape dynamics and interactions within institutional venues. To address these central blind spots, this project seeks to investigate the contextual conditions as well as the institutional and cultural dimensions specifically relating to the Kurdish diaspora associations in Berlin in the global North and Jerusalem in the Middle Eastern region of the global South. Based on literature reviews, ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews, as well as comparative and interpretive analyses, this project will yield fresh insights into complex relationships between diaspora associations, refugees, local and regional authorities and homeland actors. It will shed light on the way in which Kurdish associations enforce a balanced mode of diaspora governance from below that contributes to the refugees’ incorporation, the reformation of migration regimes and the management of homeland affairs.