Phylogeny of east Asiatic bamboos analyzed by RFLPs of chloroplast DNA

采用叶绿体DNA的南方杂交-限制性片段长度多态性分析结合Wagner简约法，对竹总科和鞭毛科4个近缘属33个竹属的系统发育关系进行了分析。使用14种限制性内切酶、6个碱基切割器和6个水稻cpDNA片段作为探针（占总cpDNA的46%），共产生219个限制性内切位点变化，其中107个被检测到与外群变化有关的系统发育信息。从同样精简的36棵最佳树中得到了一棵多数共识树。这个梯形图由三个主要支系组成。第一个是由所有东亚寒温带竹子（13属）组成的。第二类由所有热带亚洲竹（9属，包括非洲的Oxythenanthera abyssinica）和新大陆木本竹（4属）组成。这两个是姐妹团体。南美洲的草本竹类草（包括spicata链毛纲在内的5属）和木本竹（Rhipidocladum ampliflorum）构成了第三个最基础的进化支。3种稻总科和球形费胚属其它分支，发生在前者和后者之间。这些结果表明，世界竹子是多种的，世界竹子的系统发育起源更可能是南美洲而不是亚洲。

Thirty-three bamboo genera, four close allies of Bambusoideae and Flagellaria indica (Flagellariaceae), as an outgroup, were analyzed for phylogenetic relationship by means of Southren hybridization-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of chloroplast DNA combined with the Wagner parsimony method. Fourteen restriction enzymes, all six-base cutters, and six fragments of rice cpDNA as probes (46% of total rice cpDNA) were used to produce in total 219 restriction site changes, of which 107 were detected as phylogenetically informative referring to the outgroup changes. A majority consensus tree obtained from equally parsimonous 36 best trees was found. The cladogram consisted of three major clades. The first was composed of all East Asiatic, cool temperate bamboos (13 genera). The second was composed of all tropical Asiatic bamboos (nine genera including Oxythenanthera abyssinica of Africa) and New World woody bamboos (four genera). These two were sister groups. Herbaceous bambusoid grasses of South America (five genera including Streptochaeta spicata) and a woody bamboo, Rhipidocladum ampliflorum, formed the third most basal clade. Three Oryzoideae spicies and Phaenosperma globosum fell into other clades which occurred between the former two and the latter one. These results suggest that world bamboos are polyphyletic and a phylogenetic origin of the world bamboos is more likely South America than Asia.