ColumbusA literary history of the 'other' and the 'own'

探险家和殖民者哥伦布在文化认同和另类之间占据了一个典型的门槛：他自己是一个民族混血儿，他发现了另一个人，而这个人又变成了欧洲人自己的投影屏。因此，哥伦布形象是后殖民文学史的中心元素。关于哥伦布的德语文学可以分为三种有用的思想史星座，或者说基本上遵循时间顺序的三种模式：(1)启蒙运动，首先将发现者和殖民者作为文明的英雄，让陌生人参与欧洲的祝福，从而也批评文明的诅咒(作者：博德默、坎佩、赫尔德、利希滕贝格、福斯特)；(2)理想主义的浪漫主义，通过对英雄的认同来寻求自己的身份，而他者几乎不再出现，哥伦布在这里是当下剧变的美学密码(作者：席勒、霍尔德林、尼采，否则：吕克特、克林曼)；(3)现代派只接受主人公是恶棍或喜剧人物，将主人公解构为主人公，倾向于采用“他者”的视角，而他者往往适应自己的身份(作者：沃瑟曼、图霍尔斯基、哈森克里夫、茨威格、哈克斯、布赫)。哥伦布在德国文学中绝非鲜为人知，但他在德国文学研究中还没有得到足够的代表。我想用我的项目弥合这一差距，同时获得对文学史的新视角。

The explorer and colonizer Columbus occupies a paradigmatic threshold position between cultural identity and alterity: himself a national hybrid figure, he discovers an 'other', which in turn becomes a projection screen for the European 'own'. The Columbus figure is thus a central element of post-colonial literary history. German-language literature on Columbus can be divided in three useful constellations of the history of ideas, or three modes that basically follow a chronological course: (1) the Enlightenment, which first of all appropriates the discoverer and colonizer as a hero of civilization, who lets the strangers participate in the European blessings, whereby the curses of civilization are also criticized (authors: Bodmer, Campe, Herder, Lichtenberg, Forster); (2) the idealistic-romantic, which seeks its own identity through identification with the hero, while the other hardly appears any more, Columbus is here an aesthetic cipher for the upheavals of the present (authors: Schiller, Hölderlin, Nietzsche, otherwise: Rückert, Klingemann); (3) the modern one, which only accepts the hero as an villain or comic figure, deconstructs him as a hero and tends to adopt the perspective of the 'others', who are often adapted to the own identity (authors: Wassermann, Tucholsky, Hasenclever, Zweig, Hacks, Buch).Columbus is by no means unknown in German literature, but he has not yet been adequately represented in German literary studies. I want to close this gap with my project and at the same time gain a new perspective on the history of literature.