Designing and Characterization of New Types of Polymer Blends and Composites with Cellulose and Chitin

1. 几丁质基聚合物共混物和复合材料：作为几丁质混合伙伴的合成聚合物包括聚乙烯基吡罗烷酮（PVP）、聚乙烯醇（PVA）和聚甲基丙烯酸甘油酯（PGMA）。采用溶剂蒸发的方法，在甲酸/二氯甲烷混合聚合物溶液的整个组成范围内制备了未改性甲壳素/PVP共混物的光学透明薄膜。Tg估计表明，聚合物对在二元共混膜中形成一个可混相，而与组成无关。以醋酸水溶液或二甲基乙酰胺-氯化锂（DMAc-LiCl）为共同溶剂，采用溶液浇铸或混凝法制备了PVA与不同脱乙酰程度的几丁质共混膜。当甲壳素组分的DD在40 ~ 60%之间时，二元共混物表现出特别高的混相性。采用光引发聚合法制备了几丁质与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PGMA）的微复合材料。将DMAc-LiCl溶液与非溶剂混凝形成甲壳素凝胶。在复合材料中实现了发育良好的“IPN”型组织。纤维素基聚合物共混物和复合材料：由纤维素/聚（乙烯基吡罗烷酮-共合甲基丙烯酸甘油酯）[CELL/P (VP-co-GMA)]网络组成的IPN复合材料，通过在VP/GMA单体混合物中凝固和随后聚合得到膨胀的凝胶，成功地以薄膜形式合成。通过对聚合样品进行适当的化学和热处理，可以引入不同类型的分子间交联。研究表明，CELL/P （VP-co-GMA）的IPN复合材料在物理和物理化学性能方面具有显著的协同效应，包括热转变、拉伸行为、膨胀和蒸汽吸收。研究了溶液浇铸法和混凝法制备的CELL/PVP和CELL/PVA共混膜的吸汽性能和透气性。少

1. Chitin-based polymer blends and composites :The synthetic polymers used as a mixing partner of chitin included poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly (glycidyl methacrylate)(PGMA). Optically clear films of unmodified chitin/PVP blends were prepared over the whole composition range from mixed polymer solutions in formic acid/dichrolomethane by solvent evaporation. It was shown from the Tg estimation that the polymer pair forms a miscible phase in the binary blend films, irrespective of composition. Blend films of PVA with chitins having different degrees of deacetylation (DD) wre obtained successfully by a solution-casting or coagulation method with aqueous acetic acid or dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride (DMAc-LiCl) as common solvent. When the DD of the chitin component was in the range of 40-60%, the binary blends showed especially high miscibility. Microcomposites of chitin with PGMA were synthesized via photo-initiated polymerization in a gel state … More of chitin in GMA monomer as reactive impregnant. The chitin gels were formed from solutions in DMAc-LiCl by coagulation with a non-solvent. A well-developed 'IPN' type organization was realized in the composites.2. Cellulose-based polymer blends and composites :IPN composites made up of cellulose/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone-co-glycidyl methacrylate) [CELL/P (VP-co-GMA)] networks were synthesized successfully in film form from homogeneous solutions of cellulose by coagulation and subsequent polymerization of the resulting gels swollen in a VP/GMA monomer mixture. It was possible to introduce different types of intermolecular cross-links thereinto via adequate chemical and thermal treatments of the as-polymerized samples. Marked synergistic effects in physical and physicochemical properties including thermal transition, tensile behavior, swelling, and vapor absorption were demonstrated for such IPN composites of CELL/P (VP-co-GMA). Vapor-absorption property and gas permeablity were also investigated for films of CELL/PVP and CELL/PVA blends prepared by a solution casting or coagulation method. Less