Studies on Cost-share Systems for Development and Management of Rural Infrastructure

农村基础设施包括许多要素，如道路、排水沟、自来水厂、公园、集会场所、医院、学校。本研究从这些基础设施中选择了公共牧场，公共牧场是为畜牧业者提供的一种公共服务。但现在它提供了良好的视野，接触牲畜和其他动物，并为市民提供膳食。在许多情况下，进入公共牧场是免费的。公共牧场对游客的经济价值的估算方法是旅行费用法。传统计量经济学是估算环境产品经济价值的有效方法。本研究对日本京都市的伊卡里高原SOUGOU BOJUJYO和北海道的带广市八千余高原IKUSEI BOKUJYO的经济价值进行了测算。Ikari牧场的经济价值计算方法是个体旅行费用法（ITCM），八千代牧场的经济价值计算方法是区域旅行费用法（ZTCM）。这些测量的结果：在Ikari牧场的情况下，消费者每次旅行的盈余为39，338日元。Ikari牧场每年的消费者盈余总额为8.76亿日元，八千代牧场的消费者盈余为每人5，610日元。八千代牧场每年的消费者总盈余为1.11亿日元。本研究得出的结论是：在农村基础设施中，例如公共牧场，衡量管理成本和收益对于成本分担制度的决策是重要的。但是，重要的是要衡量农村基础设施使用者在整个使用寿命期间的经济价值。

Rural infrastructure consists of many elements, such as roads, drains, waterworks, parks, meetings places, hospitals, school. This study selected public pasture from all these infrastructures public pasture is a public service for stock farmers. But it now provide good view, contact with livestock and other animals, and meals for citizens.And in many cases, there is no fee to enter public pasture. Method to estimate the economic value of public pasture for the visitors is Travel Cost Method (TCM). TCM is available to estimate econoinic value of envirornmental goods. TCM estimate it as consumer's surplus.This study measured the economic values of two public pastures, IKARI KOUGEN SOUGOU BOJUJYO (Kyoto) and OBIHIRO-SHI YACHIYO KOUKYOU IKUSEI BOKUJYO (Hokkaido). Method of economic value in Ikari pasture is Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM), and it in Yachiyo pasture is Zone Travel Cost Method (ZTCM). The result of these measurements : In the case of Ikari pasture, consumers surplus per one travel is 39,338 yen. Total consumers surplus of Ikari pasture per year is 876 million yen.In the case of Yachiyo pasture, consumers surplus per person 5,610 yen. Total consumers surplus of Yachiyo pasture per year is 111 million yen.The conclusion emerged from this study : In rural infrastructure, for example public pasture, it is important for decision of the cost-share system to measure the management cost and revenue. But it is important to measure the economic valuation of users for all the life of the rural infrastructure.