Biodiversity and supply of material and non-material NCP

物质和非物质自然对人类的贡献（NCP）是人类福祉的关键组成部分，但很少被放在一起研究。更重要的是，我们目前对生物多样性与物质和非物质NCP之间的关系和机制缺乏很好的理解，特别是在热带山地生态系统中。KiLi-SES SP2的总体目标是确定和量化支撑物质和非物质NCP供应的生物多样性成分，并探讨气候和土地利用梯度对生物多样性-NCP关系的影响。特别是在材料方面，我们将重点关注燃料木材和木炭生产（能源）、农作物、野生食品、牛饲料和有害物种（食品和饲料）、民族医药（药用资源）、木材生产和服装（材料）。对于非物质NCP，我们将调查娱乐活动，声景观，景观美学和心理上有益和有害的物种（生理和心理体验），了解某些物种和神圣场所（支持身份）的满意度。我们将依托KiLi 1在乞力马扎罗山海拔梯度上65个样地的数据集，开展进一步的数据收集，从物种及其特征水平到动植物群落的功能组成，从分类、系统发育和功能多样性到生态系统的范围和多样性，得出生物多样性组成的测度。特别是，需要额外的数据来量化支撑物质NCP（如品种、作物产量）和非物质NCP（如景观美学、声景）的特定生物多样性组成部分。我们的具体目标是(1)评估乞力马扎罗山发生的物质和非物质NCP的供应，(2)调查哪些生物多样性组成支撑物质和非物质NCP及其与气候和土地利用梯度的关系，以及(3)研究与乞力马扎罗山的多个利益相关者相关的多种物质和非物质NCP供应内部和之间的协同效应和权衡。因此，KiLi-SES SP2将提供有关物质和非物质NCP及其驱动因素的关键信息，除了KiLi-SES SP1中调节NCP的数据外，还将有助于从根本上了解自然如何促进热带山区人类福祉。

Material and non-material nature’s contributions to people (NCP) are critical components of human well-being, yet are rarely studied together. More importantly, we currently lack a good understanding of the relationships and mechanisms linking biodiversity and material and non-material NCP, especially in tropical mountain ecosystems. The overarching objective of KiLi-SES SP2 is to identify and quantify biodiversity components underpinning the supply of both material and non-material NCP, and explore the impact of climatic and land-use gradients in biodiversity-NCP relationships. In particular, for material NCP, we will focus on fuel wood and charcoal production (energy), crops, wild food, cattle fodder and detrimental species (food and feed), ethnopharmacy (medicinal resources), timber production and clothing (materials). For non-material NCP, we will investigate recreational activities, soundscapes, landscape aesthetics and psychologically beneficial and detrimental species (physical and psychological experiences), satisfaction of knowing certain species and sacred places (supporting identities). We will rely on datasets collected in KiLi 1 at the level of 65 plots ranging along the elevational gradient on Kilimanjaro, and conduct further data collection to derive measures of biodiversity components, from the level of species and their traits to functional composition of plants and animal communities, and from taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity to the extent and diversity of ecosystems. In particular, additional data is required to quantify specific biodiversity components underpinning material NCP (e.g. cultivars, crop yield) and non-material NCP (e.g. landscape aesthetics, soundscapes). Our specific objectives are to (1) evaluate the supply of material and non-material NCP that occur at Kilimanjaro, (2) investigate which biodiversity components underpin material and non-material NCP and their relationship with climatic and land-use gradients, and (3) study the synergies and trade-offs within and across the supply of multiple material and non-material NCP, in relation to the multiple stakeholders present at Kilimanjaro. KiLi-SES SP2 will therefore provide key information on the supply of material and non-material NCP and its drivers that, in addition to the data on regulating NCP in KiLi-SES SP1, will contribute to a fundamental understanding of how nature contributes to human well-being in tropical mountains.