Analysis of the neural circuits related to the visually-guided orientation behavior.

结果显示，纹状体向PMLS和PLLS尾侧的投射较密集，向AMLS/PLLS的投射较弱，向ALLS的投射不明显。视觉反应沿着外侧裂前沟维持着密集的相互连接ALLS/PLLS。LS是纹状体外视觉投射的主要来源。因为已知纹状体活动通过黑质网状部（SNr）的双重抑制性GABA能连接来调节SC中深层输出神经元的活动，有人提出，皮质-LS加工的视觉信息不仅可以直接通过皮质-顶盖投射影响上级深层神经元，还可以通过基底节间接影响皮层-顶盖投射。结果表明，LS区投射到顶盖前核团的不同区域以及副视系统的所有核团。这些原子被认为是重要的视觉元素 ...更多信息 在视网膜和前眼结构之间的耳传递。此外，本研究结果证实了以往的研究结果，在本研究中，标记的轴突和终末从一个单一的，局灶性注射biocytin可以观察到的每一个银行内的吻尾向相当长的距离（8-10毫米）从注射部位。这个距离是相当长的皮质内连接，这表明LS内相当大的内在连接性不仅用于连接给定区域内的子区域，而且也用于连接跨区域的子区域。此外，在内侧库注射后，许多标记的轴突和终末分布在外侧库中，而在外侧库注射后内侧库中可以检测到非常少的标记。另一方面，ALLS-AMLS的吻端和PLLS-PMLS的尾端具有适度的相互连接。因此，LS内的主要信息流倾向于中侧方向。在本biocytin实验中，区域内投影的层状分布表现出类似的模式，这是独立的rostrocaudal以及注射部位的内外侧位置。因此，这些终末标记分布在颗粒上层和颗粒下层。此外，我们的WGA-HRP实验表明，ALLS，PLLS，AMLS，PMLS和眼底都接受来自颗粒上和颗粒下皮质层的区域内传入投射。使用如上所述的一些等级标准，LS次区域之间的相互联系似乎没有明确的等级关系LS次区域之间或可能有前馈和反馈途径。少

The present data revealed dense striate projections to PMLS and to caudal most aspect of PLLS and moderate to weak projections to AMLS/PLLS.No projection to ALLS was observed. Visually responsive along the anterior ectosylvian sulcus maintains dense interconnections ALLS/PLLS.LS is the predominate source of extrastriate visual projections to the striatum. Because striatal activity is known to modulate the activity of deep laminae output neurons in SC by way of double inhibitory GABA-ergic connections through the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra (SNr), it has been suggested that cortically-processed visual information from LS can not only influence neurons in the deep laminae of superior colliculusdirectly via corticotectal projections but also indirectly via the basal ganglia.The present results indicated that all LS regions project to various regions of the pretectal nuclei as well as all nuclei of the accessory optic system. These unclei have been known as an important visuo-m … More otor relay between the retina and pre-oculomotor structures. Furthermore, the present results on the corticotectal projections from LS confirmed those of previous studies.In the present study, the labeled axons and terminals from a single, focal injection of biocytin could be observed rostrocaudally within each bank up to rather long distance (8-10 mm) from injection site. This distance is considerably long intracortical connections, suggesting that the considerable intrinsic connectivity within LS serves not only to link subregions within a given region but across regions as well. Furthermore, following medial bank injections, a number of labeled axons and terminals were distributed in the lateral bank, while very few label could be detected in the medial bank after lateral bank injections. On the other hand, the rostralmost of ALLS-AMLS and the caudalmost of PLLS-PMLS have moderate reciprocal interconnections. Thus, the main stream of information within LS tends to be the mediolateral direction. In the present biocytin experiments, the laminar distribution of intra-areal projection exhibited a similar pattern which was independent of the rostrocaudal as well as mediolateral position of the injection site. Thus, these terminal labelings were distributed in both supra-and infragranular layrs. Furthermore, our WGA-HRP experiments indicated that ALLS,PLLS,AMLS,PMLS,and fundus all receive intra-areal afferent projections from both the supragranular and infragranular cortical layrs. Using a number of hierarchical criteria as described above, the interconnections among LS subregions seems to be no clear hierachial relationship among subregions of LS or may have feed-forward and feed-back pathways. Less