Studies in usage of evaluative adverbials of the classical languages and the theory of action and value

1.从语言学的角度考察评价状语的作用和价值理论，考察古典语言中评价状语的用法，是本研究的特色。这些状语同时修饰施事和动作，因此，我们可以通过对这些状语的考察，得出一种统一了动作和施事评价观点的新的动作和价值理论。2.首先，我们验证了柏拉图和其他同时代作家对状语用法的共同理解;我们认识到亚里士多德从未将状语用作状语-状语，他从未注意过状语、形容词和介词加抽象名词短语之间的对应关系，而柏拉图在他的早期和中期对话中如此关注。3.接着，我们研究了希腊化时期的行为和价值哲学以及希腊化时期哲学家对评价状语的使用。最后，我们可以说，在亚里士多德死后，行为和价值理论的结构发生了巨大的变化，这与这一时期对状语用法的“共识”的丧失不无关系;我们通过欧洲人文主义传统间接地继承了希腊化哲学的行为和价值理论，这在许多方面都是有问题的。我们现在必须重新考虑希腊化的传统，从我们达到的新立场来理解人类的行为和价值。

1.It is characteristic of this study to consider the problems concerning the theory of action and value from a linguistic atandpoint, reviewing usage of evaluative adverbials of the classical languages. The adverbials in question modify both agent and action at the same time ; so we can obtain, from the review of those adverbials, a new theory of action and value which unifies evaluative points of view of acion and agent. 2.First, we certified what the common understanging of adverbial usage was between Plato and other contemporary writers ; and we recognized that Aristotle never had used advebials as sentence-advebials, and that he never had given attention to the correspondences between advervials, ajectives, and preposition plus abstract noun phrases, to which Plato gave so much attention in his earlier and middle dialogues. 3.Next, we studied the Hellenistic philosophy of action and value and the Hellenistic philosophers' uses of evaluative adverbials. Eventually, we can say that the structure of the theory of action and value was drastically altered after Aristotle's death, which is not unconnected with the fact that the'common understanding' of adverbial usage was lost in this period ; and that we inherited, indirectly, the theory of action and value from the Hellenistic philosophy through the tradition of European humanism, which is problematic in many respects. We must reconsider now the Hellenistic tradition of understanding human action and value from a new standpoit we reach.