Investigation of Pollution Transport to Taiwan

亚洲的空气污染一方面是中国和其他国家快速发展的经济体的人为排放，另一方面是生物质燃烧，特别是东南亚的排放。虽然最大的污染物浓度靠近污染源，但运输也很重要，无论是在清理排放区的污染气团方面，还是在将污染带到远离排放的地区方面。东亚季风在推动污染物的输送和太平洋清洁空气的平流方面发挥了很大作用。因此，台湾的空气质量不仅受到当地污染的影响，还受到中国污染输送和印度支那生物质燃烧排放的影响，因此提供了一个理想的测量位置来研究这一现象。为了调查对当地污染水平的不同贡献，台湾北端的富贵角考察站将配备一台MAX-DOAS仪器，重点观测NO2、HCHO、C2H2O2和气溶胶。这是对现有仪器(现场气溶胶和痕量气体观测、激光雷达、测光仪)的补充，将用于创建感兴趣的痕量气体的对流层柱和垂直剖面的多年时间序列。其目的是在项目结束后继续进行测量。在该项目中，将尝试通过偏振观测、特殊观测几何形状的选择、波长相关性的利用以及分析中使用的背景光谱的不同处理，来提高高污染层的MAX-DOAS观测的信息含量。所产生的数据集将与区域卫星对GOME-2、OMI、S5P和(如果有)宝石的观测相结合，与气象数据和反向轨迹相结合，以确定向台湾输送污染的来源区域，并量化其与当地空气质量的相关性。MAX-DOAS数据的提取，连同天文台的其他观测数据和卫星测量结果，将与专门的WRF-CHEM模拟相联系，以便更好地解释化学和输送情况以及季风在空气污染输送中的作用。该项目的预期成果是量化向台湾输送污染的影响、所涉及的污染源区域和来源类型以及亚洲季风在推动这一输送中的作用。

Air pollution in Asia is dominated by anthropogenic emissions from the rapidly developing economies in China and other countries on the one hand and emissions from biomass burning, in particular in South-East Asia on the other hand. While largest pollutant concentrations are found close to the sources, transport is also important, both in clearing polluted air masses in emission regions and in bringing pollution to areas far away from emissions. The East-Asian monsoon plays a large role in driving transport of pollution and also the advection of clean air from the Pacific. As a result, air quality in Taiwan is affected not only by local by pollution, but also by transport of pollution from China and biomass burning emissions from Indochina, and therefore offers an ideal measurement position to study this phenomenon.In order to investigate the different contributions to local pollution levels, the research station Cape Fuguei at the Northern tip of Taiwan will be equipped with a MAX-DOAS instrument focusing on observations of NO2, HCHO, C2H2O2 and aerosols. This complements the existing instrumentation (in-situ aerosol and trace gas observations, lidar, photometers) and will be used to create a multi-year time series of tropospheric columns and vertical profiles of the trace gases of interest. The intention is to continue the measurements after the end of the project. Within the project, attempts will be made to improve the information content of the MAX-DOAS observations for elevated pollution layers through polarised observations, choice of special observation geometries, exploitation of the wavelength dependency and different treatment of the background spectrum used in the analysis. The resulting data set will be combined with regional satellite observations of GOME-2, OMI, S5P and (if available) GEMS, with meteorological data and with back-trajectories in order to identify source regions for pollution transport to Taiwan and to quantify their relevance on local air quality. The MAX-DOAS retrievals, together with other observations from the observatory as well as satellite measurements will then be linked to dedicated WRF-chem simulations for better interpretation of the chemical and transport situations and the role of Monsoon in air pollution transport. The expected outcome of the project is a quantification of the impact of pollution transport to Taiwan, the source regions and source types involved and the role of the Asian Monsoon in driving this transport.