A Study on Deinstitutionalization and Community Living of Persons with Disabilities

1.研究目的：了解澳大利亚、挪威、荷兰和日本的社区搬迁过程以及为支持每个国家的社区生活而采取的措施，并对这些措施进行比较研究。2.研究方法：2004年至2005年进行访谈调查。对4个国家的10名家庭成员和10名工作人员进行了访谈，并对结果进行了定性分析。3.研究重点：比较各国的调查结果，以研究制定个性化的搬迁支持计划，以及搬迁居民在搬迁后成为当地社区的综合成员所需的社区生活支持系统的类型。4.结论：通过分析制度化、搬迁和独立…中存在的问题，得出了以下结论更多生活在微观、中层和宏观层面的社区：(1)如果要根据残疾人的希望和愿望进行搬迁，我们需要建立一个在搬迁过程中充分反映他们意见的系统和一个适当的支助系统。(2)院舍作为残疾人居所存在着一定的结构性固有问题，即支持以工作人员的需要为中心进行群体管理，而不是以居民的需求为中心，忽视居民的意见，居民在这样的生活环境中感到焦虑和不快乐。(3)要避免社区生活中的微型机构化，核心原则必须是基于被服务残疾人的意见和需求的个人支持。这将需要增加社区生活支助人员，减少住所的规模和活动规模。(4)有必要举办自我倡导小组，支持这些小组，并有必要对提供支持的人进行再教育。(5)日本必须制定和实施对国内所有居住机构有明确期限的社区搬迁计划，并拨出资金用于社区生活支持，以加快向社区搬迁的步伐。还必须颁布禁止和防止歧视残疾人的法律和条例。较少

1.Study Objectives : To understand the process of relocation to the community in Australia, Norway, Holland and Japan and the measures being taken to support community living in each country and to conduct a comparative study of the same.2.Study Method : Interview surveys were conducted from 2004 to 2005. Twenty people with disabilities who had experienced institutionalization but now live in the community, 10 family members and 10 staff members were interviewed in each of the four countries and a qualitative analysis of the results was undertaken.3.Focus of Study : The survey results for each country were compared in order to study the formulation of individualized relocation support programs and the type of community living support system required for relocated residents to become integrated members of the local community after relocation.4.Conclusions : The following conclusions were reached through analysis of the problems and issues in institutionalization, relocation and independ … More ent community living at the micro, mezzo and macro levels : (1)If relocation is to be based on the hopes and aspirations of people with disabilities, we need to establish a system that adequately reflects their views in the process and an adequate support system. (2)Institutions have certain structurally inherent problems as residences for the disabled ; namely, support is centered on the needs of the staff for group management not on the needs of the residents, the opinions of residents are ignored, and residents feel anxious and unhappy in such a living environment. (3)To avoid mini-institutionalization in community living, the core principle must be individual support based on the opinions and needs of the disabled people being served. This will require an increase in community living support staff and a reduction in the size of residences and the scale of activities. (4)There is a need to hold self-advocacy groups and to support such groups as well as a need to reeducate those who provide support. (5)Japan must draw up and implement a community relocation plan with clear deadlines for all residential institutions in the country and allocate funds for community living support in order to accelerate the pace of relocation to the community. Laws and ordinances prohibiting and preventing discrimination against the disabled must also be enacted. Less