Study on Deinstitutionalization and Community Living of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

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The purpose of this study is to report on the actual conditions and issues concerning the procedures of deinstitutionalizatian and the support system of community living. For that purpose investigation of persons with intellectual disabilities, their family members and staff who worked at institutions were done by an interview method between August 1, 2001 and March 31, 2002 in Gothenburg, Sweden ; Liverpool, England ; Anhalt, Germany and Osaka, Japan. Results showed us as follows.Deinstitutionalization and community living in Sweden and England began in the 1970s, and have been actively promoted as a national policy since the middle of the 1980s. On the other hand, in Germany and Japan the pioneering works in certain institutions have been going on since the 1980s, but institutional closure has not yet started. All persons with intellectual disabilities who lived in institutions were compelled to do it against their will and had not any good memories toward the institutional life. Som … More e of them changed from institution to institution and also changed from group home to group home after moving to community. It was not enough for persons with intellectual disabilities and their family members to satisfy with explanation on deinstitutionalization and community living. Each opinion of the three group's subjects is different from the other two. Every persons with intellectual disabilities in every countries seemed to be happy in the community living. However, their personal relationships were limited to those in or among group homes and every persons with intellectual disabilities had not any opportunities to keep company with their boyfriends or girlfriends.Many positive changes were brought to persons with intellectual disabilities who lived in institutions through the procedures of deinstitutionalization. The community living must be needed for every persons with intellectual disabilities. It was also found that there were many problems not yet solved as regards physical, functional and psychological support for the community living of persons with intellectual disabilities. Less