Architectural Planning for Elderly Housing based on Low back Joint Moment Measurement.

“日常生活操作的下背部关节力矩的测量“我们测量的第一项日常活动是“手支撑站立运动”，这是老年人从坐姿站立时经常做的运动。在这个实验中没有使用扶手，但是靠近座位的家具被用来支撑一个人的体重。结果表明，家具的布置和高度以及座椅的高度是减少负荷的决定性参数。研究还发现，通过简单改变家具的摆放方式，可以减少低背负荷。我们测量的第二项活动是“储存运动”。改变存放高度和行李重量，比较不同条件下的低背负荷。在该实验中，发现储藏家具的设计（特别是横截面形状的设计）以及储藏家具的高度和深度是一个影响因素， ...更多信息 测量的第三项活动是“照顾者转移运动”。根据经验，护理人员在从事这项活动时有很高的伤害腰部的风险。该运动是指在家庭护理环境中将护理接受者从床上转移到轮椅上。客观的数据证明，转移运动确实有一个显着超过负荷相比，其他运动的日常活动在房子周围。家庭护理室的大小和床的高度和照顾者的低背负荷之间的关系被澄清。从这些数据中还可以推断出减轻照顾者心理负荷的意义。在将这些测量的负荷值应用于建筑规划之前，有必要对其进行评估。然而，下背痛的发生与下背部关节力矩值之间的因果关系至今尚未得到医学证明。因此，我们测量了“在平坦表面和斜坡上行走”、“上下楼梯”以及作为运动处方的老年人锻炼计划的低背负荷，然后将这些值与其他三种运动的值进行比较。最后，基于这些数据比较，开发了建筑规划指南的基准。少

"Measurement of the low back joint moment of the daily life operation"The first daily activity we measured was "standing-up motion supported by hands" It is a motion often made by senior citizen when standing up from a sitting position. Handrails were not used in this experiment, but furniture near a seated place was used to support one's weight. As a result, it was shown that the arrangement and the height of the furniture and the height of the seat are the determining parameters for load reduction. It was also found that reduction of the low back load can be made by simple changes in furniture arrangement.The second activity we measured was "storing motion". The height of storage and the weight of luggage were changed to compare low back load under different conditions. In this experiment, it was found that the design of the storage furniture (especially, the design of the cross sectional shape) is an influential factor as well as the height and the depth of the storage furniture in … More relation to the low back load.The third activity measured was "caregivers transferring motion". It has been known experientially that caregivers have a high risk of injuring low back when engaging in this activity. This motion refers to transferring a care receiver from a bed to a wheelchair in home care setting. Objective data is obtained to prove that transferring motion does have a significantly excessive load compared with the other motions of daily activities around the house. The relationships between the size of the home care room and the height of the bed and the caregiver's low back load were clarified. Implications for lightening psychological load of a caregiver were also inferred from this set of data.It is necessary to assess these measured load values before applying them to architectural planning. However, causal relationship between the occurrence of low back pain and the value of low back joint moment is not medically proven so far. Therefore, we measured the low back load of "walking on flat surface and slope", "going up and down the stairs", and an exercise program for senior citizen, that is used as a movement prescription, and then compared these values with those of the other three motions. Finally, the benchmark for architectural planning guidelines was developed based on this data comparison. Less