The investigation of physiological polytypism and functional potentiality on human adaptability to environments

年轻的成年男性被暴露在四种光照条件下。测定受试者四种常见口味的味觉阈值及唾液量、胃电、时间觉。我们还测量了个体个性，发现在低照度和低色温条件下，唾液分泌量增加，对甜味的敏感度增加。我们发现光照对唾液量、味觉阈值和时间感的影响受受试者个性的影响。为了检验立位耐受性作为一种功能潜力的生理多型性，我们在12周的体育训练(每周3天，以60%的峰值摄氧率进行30分钟的锻炼)之前和之后测量了立位应激的心血管反应。在仰卧休息状态下，训练组虽然心输出量无明显…，但每搏量明显增加，心率明显减慢更多的是改变。此外，心输出量的个体差异减小，而每搏量的个体差异增大。这些结果表明，体育训练对立位耐力的形成可能涉及心血管反应的生理多型性。在环境适应性研究中，大脑功能的绝对测量导致了重要的发现。我们利用近红外(NIR)光谱的时间分辨光谱来测量绝对血药浓度。结果表明：1)左右前额叶血药浓度存在差异，提示前额叶皮质活动存在差异。2)大屏幕(6.3x3.4m)视觉刺激显示，10个不同的部位(左右各5ch)产生不同的反应，揭示了活动的定位。最后，在巧克力味觉和嗅觉刺激中，不同人格特质的前额叶皮层活动存在显著差异。较少

Young male adults were exposed to four illumination conditions. Their taste threshold of four common tastes and amount of saliva, electrogastrogram, time sense were measured. We also measured individual personality It was found that secretion of saliva increased under the lower illuminance condition, and sensitivity to sweet taste was increased under the lower illuminance and lower color temperature conditions. We found the effects of illumination on amount of saliva, taste threshold, and time sense were affected by the subjects' personality.To examine the physiological polytypism concerning an orthostatic intolerance as a functional potentiality, cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress were measured before and after a 12-week physical training (30-min ergomater at 60% peak rate of oxygen uptake, 3 days a week). In the training group at supine rest condition, the stroke volume was increased and heart rate was decreased significantly, although cardiac output was not significantly … More changed. Moreover, the inter-individual difference of cardiac output was decreased, however, the inter-individual difference of stroke volume was increased. These results suggest that the development of orthostatic tolerance by the physical training could involve physiological polytypism of cardiovascular responses.In the study of-environmental adaptability, absolute measurement of cerebral functions leads to important findings. We utilized a time resolved spectroscopy using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to measure absolute blood concentrations. Results showed that 1) there was a difference in blood concentrations between the right and left prefrontal areas, indicating variation in the prefrontal cortex activity. Also, 2) visual stimulation using a large screen (6.3 x 3.4 m) demonstrated that 10 different sites (5 ch each for the right and left areas) gave different responses, revealing the localization of the activity. Finally, 3) in gustatory and olfactory stimulation using chocolate, a significant difference was found in the prefrontal cortex activity according to different personality traits. Less