Development of a high sensitivity analytical system for breath and its clinical use

本课题开发了一种高灵敏度的人体呼吸分析系统，并将其应用于临床。呼吸中的化合物主要来源于健康和疾病中的挥发性代谢产物。其中，氢气和甲烷被认为代表了细菌菌群存在时胃肠道系统的状况。另一方面，一氧化碳和一氧化氮是众所周知的生物活性化学物质，在生理和病理生理条件下发挥重要作用。1011名年龄在20岁到88岁之间的禁食者自愿参加了这项研究。禁食的受试者在刷牙和漱口后，通过吸口以坐姿呼吸净化的人工空气12分钟，期间呼出的空气通过单向阀收集到道格拉斯袋中。采用标准方法测量二氧化碳（CO2）、氧气（O2）、氢气（H2）、甲烷（CH4）、一氧化碳（CO）、一氧化氮（NO）和氮氧化物（NOX）的微小通风量。首先，V02、VCO2和VH2呈明显的年龄依赖性下降。相反，VCH4在老年受试者中升高。随着年龄的增长，VCO明显增加，尤其是女性，而VNO无明显变化。在重度吸烟者中观察到VCO显著升高，VNO显著降低。VCO在月经开始后第4周升高。年龄、性别、吸烟习惯和月经周期是评估呼吸中低化学成分的重要因素。除上述结果外，我们还发现(1)饮食中的姜黄能激活肠道运动和结肠发酵；(2)摄入酒精后皮肤气体中检测到乙醇和乙醛。(3)呼吸和皮肤气体中的一氧化碳和氮氧化物在戒烟2 d后出现可逆性和急性改变，即使是长期吸烟者也可以重新开始吸烟。少

In this project, we developed a high sensitivity analytical system for human breath and applied it to clinical use. Chemical compounds in breath originate mainly from volatile metabolic products in health and diseases. Among them, hydrogen and methane are believed to represent the conditions of gastro-intestinal systems in the presence of bacterial flora. On the other hands, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are well-known bioactive chemicals to play important roles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Fasted 1011 subjects aged from 20 to 88 years old volunteered for the study. After tooth brushing and gargling, fasted subjects breathed purified artificial air via a mouthpiece in a sitting position for 12 min, during which exhaled air was collected via one-way valve into the Douglas bag. Minute ventilation volumes of carbon dioxide(CO2), oxygen(O2), hydrogen(H2), methane(CH4), carbon monoxide(CO), nitric oxide(NO) and nitrogen oxide(NOX) were measuredby the standardmethod … More s. All data were normalized by body surface area. First, V02, VCO2 and VH2 were significantly decreased in age-dependent manner. Contrarily, VCH4 was increased in aged subjects. VCO was significantly increased to aging especially in women, while VNO did not significantly changed. Significant increases in VCO and decrease in VNO were observed in heavy smokers. VCO was increased in the 4th weeks after the starting date of menstruation. Age, sex, smoking habits and menstruation cycle must be concerned for the evaluation of low chemical compounds in breath. In addition to the above results, we found that (1) Dietary turmeric activated bowel motility and colonic fermentation, (2) Ethanol and acetaldehyde were detected in the skin gas after ingestion of alcohol. Their peaks appeared 30 min after those in breath and venous blood, (3) Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide in breath and skin gas could be reversibly and acutely altered during 2-day smoking cessation and restart even in case of a long-term cigarette smoker. Less