Suburbanisation of Poverty: New Spatial (De)Concentration of Poor and Low Income Households in German City Regions

到目前为止，关于贫困和低收入家庭的空间分布的研究主要是在大城市和农村周边的范围内讨论的。较新的研究还观察到郊区受影响的家庭有所增加。空间科学才刚刚开始描述潜在的社会经济过程，并了解驱动因素：一方面，有证据表明，市中心的位置对高收入家庭越来越有吸引力。另一方面，随着时间的推移，一些老化的郊区正在失去吸引力。这些地区的当地居民可能受到贫困的威胁，较低的收入可能会使家庭迁入这些地区。在国际上，这些趋势被称为贫困郊区化。在郊区形成新的贫困集中地的家庭的目的地可能在很小的范围内有所不同。但总的来说，这似乎是一个稳定的趋势。众所周知，德国的社会制度和住房市场政策通过为低收入家庭提供负担得起的住房和相关补贴来减轻影响。最近的观察表明，高收入家庭不断向大城市迁移，给社会制度带来了压力。在一些城市地区，与核心城市相比，郊区依靠社会福利的家庭比例有所上升或下降较少。但这并不是说这是一种空间趋势。到目前为止，方法问题限制了进一步的分析，因为它是不可能确定低收入家庭在所需的细粒度的空间分辨率。此外，关于低收入家庭可能面临的地点不利条件的信息很少，例如基础设施不足、缺乏护理设施或环境压力。在此基础上，我们申请资金，以开发一个探索性的研究概念，有三个主要目标：（1）在第一步，我们检查数据组合的分析潜力，基于官方的区域统计数据，面板数据，并从商业提供商的数据，以操作化的措施，贫困集中和相关的位置之间的劣势郊区和其他城市的位置;（2）同时，我们探讨了国际辩论中的论点，以解释德国的空间发展细节和社会政策的影响;（3）接下来，我们将研究区位特征和解释，以及利益相关者的看法，在案例研究中，我们以前确定了郊区集中的贫困。研究结果将有助于理解分析选项和推进德国贫困郊区化的研究。

Research on the spatial distribution of poor and low income households has so far mainly been discussed in the context of large cities and the rural periphery. Newer studies also observe an increase of affected households in suburban areas. Spatial sciences are only beginning to describe the underlying socio-economic processes and understand the drivers: on the one hand there is evidence that inner city locations are increasingly attractive for higher income households. On the other hand some aging suburban locations are losing their attractiveness over time. Local residents in these areas are potentially threatened by poverty, lower income might move households into these area. Internationally, these trends are discussed as suburbanization of poverty. The destinations of households that form new concentrations of poverty in suburban areas can vary on a very small scale. Overall, however, it seems to be a steady trend. Social systems and housing market policies in Germany are known to mitigate the effects with affordable housing and related subsidies for low income households. Recent observations show that the continued migration of higher income households to large cities puts pressure on the social systems. For some city regions households relying on social benefits have seen increasing rates or have decreased less in suburban areas when compared to core cities. This is not to say, however, that this is a spatial trend. So far, methodological problems restrict further analysis, since it is not possible to identify low income households in the needed fine grained spatial resolution. In addition, there is little information on locational disadvantages that low income households might be exposed to, for example in terms of deficient infrastructure, the lack of care facilities, or environmental pressures. On this basis we apply for funding to develop an explorative research concept with three main objectives: (1) In a first step we examine the analytical potential of data combinations, based on official regional statistics, panel data, and data from commercial providers, in order to operationalize measures of poverty concentrations and related locational disadvantages between suburban and other urban locations; (2) in parallel we explore arguments from the international debate for explaining spatial development specifics and the influence of social policies in Germany; (3) succeeding, we will study locational characteristics and explanations as well as stakeholders’ perceptions in case studies where we previously identified suburban concentrations of poverty. The results will help to understand analysis options and advance studies on the suburbanization of poverty in the German context.