Climate Change Impacts and Biodiversity Interactions in Nordic Salt Marshes

NordSalt项目将评估北欧盐沼和沿海沼泽的范围和植物群落生物多样性，并评估这些生态系统如何为社会提供与气候和沿海保护相关的利益（生态系统服务，ES或自然对人类的贡献，NCP）。该项目特别关注这些生态系统中的碳固存（所谓的“蓝碳”）和温室气体净排放（二氧化碳和甲烷）。此外，将评估北欧沿海沼泽生境类型（从盐沼到盐草甸到芦苇床）分布的历史变化以及与气候和当地压力有关的社区生物多样性的相关变化，包括放牧等管理做法。将在五个案例研究地点（每个参与国一个）对放牧和未放牧地点的沼泽碳库（活的和死的植物C库、土壤库）和固存率（根据210Pb剖面估计）进行详细研究，这些研究地点选自北欧沿海沼泽栖息地的范围。温室气体（GHG）通量率将在3个案例研究地点（芬兰、丹麦和德国）进行季节性测量。此外，沼泽植物群落生物多样性与气候（温度）变化之间的相互作用对净碳释放和储存的影响将在汉堡大学进行的一项普通花园气候变暖实验中进行实验测试，从5个案例研究地点收集土壤和植物中生态系统。NordSalt油田和实验工作的结果将与正在进行的德国瓦登海现场气候变暖实验的结果进行比较，该实验是由联盟的一个合作伙伴建立的。NordSalt的目标是评估北欧沿海沼泽栖息地的性质、多样性和范围，评估它们在气候调节（净温室气体排放和蓝碳储存）中的作用，并评估它们在未来气候变暖情景、当地环境压力和管理决策下的脆弱性和生态结构和功能的变化。最后，该项目还将在区域和全球范围内评估北欧盐沼和相关沿海植被生态系统作为基于自然的解决方案（NbS）的潜力。为了提供这些考虑的最佳依据，将与相关政策、管理和当地利益相关者一起评估和讨论这些栖息地的一系列与气候和海岸保护有关的生态系统服务。

The NordSalt project will assess the extent of and plant community biodiversity in Nordic Salt and coastal marshes and evaluate how these ecosystems provide climate and coastal protection related benefits to society (ecosystem services, ES or Nature’s Contributions to People, NCP). The project has particular focus on carbon sequestration (so called « Blue Carbon ») and net greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and methane) in these ecosystems. Furthermore, historical changes in the distribution of Nordic coastal marsh habitat types (ranging from salt marshes to salt meadows to reed beds) and associated changes in community biodiversity related to climatic and local pressures, including management practices such as grazing, will be assessed. Detailed studies of marsh carbon pools (live and dead plant C stocks, soils pools) and sequestration rates (estimated from 210Pb profiles) in grazed and ungrazed locations will be conducted at 5 case study sites, one from each participating country, selected across the range of Nordic coastal marsh habitats. Greenhouse gas (GHG) flux rates will be seasonally measured at 3 case study sites (Finland, Denmark and Germany) Also, the interactions between marsh plant community biodiversity and climate (temperature) change for net carbon release and storage will be tested experimentally in a common garden climate warming experiment conducted at the University of Hamburg with soil and plant mesocosms collected from the 5 case study sites. Results from the NordSalt field and experimental work will be compared to those from an ongoing in situ climate warming experiment in the German Wadden Sea site established by one of the consortium partners. The goal of NordSalt is to assess the nature, diversity and extent of Nordic coastal marsh habitats, to evaluate their role in climate regulation (net greenhouse gas emissions and Blue Carbon storage) and to assess their vulnerability and change in ecological structure and functions under future climate warming scenarios, local environmental pressures and management decisions. Finally, the project will also evaluate the potential of Nordic salt marsh and related coastal vegetated ecosystems as nature-based solutions (NbS) in a regional and global context. To provide the best basis for these considerations, a comprehensive range of climate and coastal protection related ecosystem services (ES) of these habitats will be evaluated and discussed with relevant policy, management and local stakeholders.