Variation in Alemannic. Geo-linguistic and dialectometrical studies of the historical dialect in Baden and Alsace on the basis of the rediscovered questionnaires of F. Maurer

在这个项目中，我们建议首次从社会方言学的角度，运用方言计量学的方法，对历史上德语地区的一部分20世纪初的方言进行系统的调查。实证基础将是最近在弗莱堡大学重新发现的一套约2500份方言问卷。这些问卷是1941年在弗里德里希·毛雷尔的指导下在整个巴登-埃尔萨斯高地进行的一项调查的结果。我们打算将全套数据数字化，并将这些数据用于以下三个方面的研究：(1)从方言学的角度来看，这些材料为研究当时方言的空间结构提供了丰富的可能性，例如莱茵河边界的影响和阿勒曼尼亚-弗兰科尼亚过渡区的结构(仍然鲜为人知)。该材料既适用于个别方言现象的分析，也适用于综合数据分析；通过与较旧和较新的数据进行比较，它可以准确地重建上个世纪的方言变化。(2)调查包括受访者的社会因素(除年龄和职业外，还包括他们的流动性)和调查地点(例如，农民和工人的比例)。因此，汇总的数据可以检验关于语言创新的地理分布以及语言变化的社会方言学假设，这是其他历史方言学数据集无法检验的。(3)此外，调查问卷首次提供了通过与Deutscher Wortallas的数据进行比较来研究间接调查方法的可靠性的可能性，Deutscher Wortallas的数据是在同一时间和相同地点使用相同的调查方法(APPR)进行的。三分之一的词汇查询重叠)。因此，该项目可以为以经验为导向的历时方言学做出重要的方法论贡献。调查的元数据还可以测试学校教师提供问卷回答的准确方式(教师本人回答、学生回答、年长村民回答)的影响。数字化的材料将免费提供给其他研究人员。从长远来看，这些数据将成为信息系统的一部分，在该系统中，它们将与来自德国西南部和阿尔萨斯的其他数据集联系起来。

In this project we suggest to investigate systematically and for the first time the early 20th century dialects of one part of the historical German language area from a social dialectological perspective, using dialectometrical methods. The empirical basis will be a set of approximately 2500 dialect questionnaires, recently rediscovered at Freiburg university. The questionnaires result from a survey conducted under the direction of Friedrich Maurer in 1941 in the entire ‘Gau Baden-Elsass’. We intend to digitize the full set of data and use the data for research in the following three areas: (1) From a dialectological point of view, the material offers rich possibilities of investigating the spatial structuring of the dialects at the time, for instance the impact of the Rhine border and the (still poorly understood) structure of the Alemannic-Franconian transition area. The material is suited for both the analysis of individual dialect phenomena and for aggregated data analyses; by comparing it with older and more recent data it allows the precise reconstruction of dialect change in the last century. (2) The survey included social parameters of the respondents (such as, in addition to age and occupation, their mobility) and the survey sites (e.g., the proportion of farmers and workers). The aggregated data therefore make it possible to test socio-dialectological hypotheses on the geographical distribution of linguistic innovations and thus on language change, which cannot be tested with other historical dialectological data sets. (3) In addition, the questionnaires offer, for the first time, the possibility of studying the reliability for the indirect survey method by comparison with the data of the Deutscher Wortatlas, which was conducted at the same time and in the same sites using the identical survey method (appr. one third of the lexical queries overlap). The project can therefore make an important methodological contribution to an empirically oriented diachronic dialectology. The survey’s metadata also allow testing the impact of the precise way in which the school teachers provided the questionnaire responses (response by the teacher himself, response by the pupils, response by older villagers). The digitized materials will be freely available to other researchers. In the long term, the data will become part of an information system in which they will be linked to other data sets from south-west Germany and Alsace.