Theorization of poverty reduction and environmental conservation drawing on global marketing

本项目探讨公平贸易和有机农业如何促进减贫的兼容性。小农生计得到改善。保护环境。我进行了两个案例研究，分别关注印度的一个小型棉花生产者协会和菲律宾的一个由前甘蔗种植园工人组成的合作社；他们都已经获得或正在追求公平贸易和有机认证。主要数据是通过在每个地点的长期实地工作收集的。在前一种情况下，在转基因种子盛行的情况下，这两种认证并没有将处于不利地位的南方小农从现有的农业资本主义中解放出来，而是矛盾地将农民带入了另一种形式的农业资本主义。在后一种情况下，这两项认证帮助前种植园工人成功地成为土地改革的受益者，并改善了他们的生计。这个研究项目显著地阐明了公平贸易的意义。有机双重认证和减贫与环境保护的兼容性所依赖的具体背景。

This project explores how Fair Trade and organic farming can contribute to the compatibility of poverty reduction. betterment in small farmers' livelihoods. with environmental conservation. I conducted two case studies respectively focusing on an association of small cotton producers in India and a cooperative consisting of former sugarcane plantation workers in the Philippines ; both had obtained or were pursuing Fair Trade and organic certifications. Primary data were collected through long-term fieldwork in each of the sites. In the former case, under the prevalence of genetically modified(GM) seeds, the two certifications did not release disadvantaged southern small farmers from the existing agrarian capitalism but rather paradoxically led farmers into another form of agrarian capitalism. In the latter case, the two certifications helped former plantation workers become successful land reform beneficiaries and improve their livelihoods. This research project significantly sheds light on the meaning of Fair Trade. organic double certification and specific contexts on which the compatibility of poverty reduction with environmental conservation depends.