Lifeworlds of the early first millennium BC in the western Zagros Mountains on the Lower Zab before and after the Assyrian annexation: The civil centre of the Dinka Settlement Complex in the Peshdar Plain

从2015年到2019年，跨学科和国际佩什达尔平原项目在一个从铜石器时代到萨珊王朝时期居住的定居点进行了9次挖掘活动和4次磁力计勘探。在铁器时代，它达到了大约60公顷的最大面积。它的古代名称目前尚不清楚。由于周边包括两个先前确定的考古遗址，卡拉特-丁卡和格德-伊巴扎尔，我们将其称为丁卡聚落群，以这两个地方中较大的一个命名。Qalat-i Dinka位于伊拉克库尔德斯坦扎格罗斯山脉下扎布河上游的佩什达尔平原，与伊朗接壤。工作集中在Qalat-i Dinka的铁器时代堡垒遗迹和平坦的Gird-i Bazar上的小型住宅和车间建筑，Gird-i Bazar是广阔的下城的一部分。在Qalat-i Dinka和Gird-i Bazar之间的地区，磁力计勘探显示了一个密集的定居点。清晰可见的是一个没有围墙的低层城镇，其街道网络和建筑块被组织成半圆形，并围绕着Qalat-i Dinka。许多建筑清晰可见，被街道和小巷隔开。在所有作业中从分层环境中采集的9个14c样品将主要占领阶段确定为铁器时代II（公元前1050-800年）。两个新亚述楔形文字的发现以及三个14世纪的年代测定表明，丁卡聚落在铁器时代III（公元前800-600年）仍然有人居住。这项申请包括一项为期三年的挖掘和评估计划，该计划将在定居点的一个突出部分进行。磁强计勘探和2017年挖掘的测试沟的结果显示，三个重要建筑物（K: 280平方米，L: 800平方米，M: 650平方米）的遗迹具有存储设施。这些建筑比Gird-i Bazar的房屋大得多，具有完全不同的特征，也不同于通过磁力计探测在下城其他地方看到的建筑，这可能就是为什么这里是民事中心。建筑物K、L和M很容易进入，没有被后来建立的坟墓、现代建筑或现代田地下的掠夺所破坏，但由于遗迹被保存在地表以下20-25厘米处，因此有被犁毁的风险。这三座建筑的挖掘为首次调查伊拉克东北部和伊朗西北部的扎格罗斯地区提供了可能性，在亚述人占领之前和期间，这是一个铁器时代的大型定居点的民事中心。土著社会在农业和畜牧业方面的组织、饮食和物质文化以及亚述帝国扩张对丁卡聚落建筑群居民生活的影响是我们感兴趣的重点。

From 2015 to 2019, the interdisciplinary and international Peshdar Plain Project conducted nine excavation campaigns and four magnetometer prospections in a settlement inhabited from the Chalcolithic to the Sasanian period. During the Iron Age it reached its largest size of about 60 hectare. Its ancient name is currently unknown. Since the perimeter includes two previously identified archaeological sites, Qalat-i Dinka and Gird-i Bazar, we call it the Dinka Settlement Complex after the larger of the two places. Qalat-i Dinka is located in the Peshdar Plain on the upper stretches of the Lower Zab in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan, right on the border with Iran. Work concentrated on the Iron Age remains of a fortress on Qalat-i Dinka and small-scale residential and workshop buildings on the flat mound Gird-i Bazar which is part of the extensive lower town. In the area between Qalat-i Dinka and Gird-i Bazar, the magnetometer prospection revealed a densely build up settlement. Clearly recognizable is a lower town without an enclosure wall, whose street network and blocks of buildings are organized in a semicircle and oriented around Qalat-i Dinka. Numerous buildings are clearly visible and separated by streets and alleys. Nine 14C-samples from stratified contexts in all operations date the main occupation phase to the Iron Age II (1050-800 BC). Two Neo-Assyrian cuneiform script finds as well as three 14C-datings show that the Dinka Settlement Complex was still inhabited in the Iron Age III (800-600 BC). This application includes an excavation and evaluation programme planned for three years in a prominent part of the settlement. The magnetometer prospection and the results of a test trench excavated in 2017 revealed the remains of three important buildings (K: 280 m2, L: 800 m2, M: 650 m2) with storage facilities. The buildings were much larger and of a completely different character than the houses in Gird-i Bazar or the structures elsewhere visible in the lower town through the magnetometer prospection, which is probably why this is the civil centre. Buildings K, L and M are easily accessible without having been damaged by later erected tombs, modern constructions or plundering under the modern fields, but run the risk of being destroyed by ploughing as the ruins are preserved up to 20-25 cm below the surface. The excavation of the three buildings opens up the possibility to investigate for the first time for the Zagros region of North East Iraq and North West Iran a civil centre of an Iron Age large settlement before and during the period of the Assyrian takeover. The organization of the indigenous society in agriculture and livestock farming, the diet and material culture as well as the effects of the imperial Assyrian expansion on the life of the inhabitants of the Dinka Settlement Complex are the focus of our interest.