Longitudinal study on adaptation process for psycho-social and physical changes in middle life.

本研究的主要发现如下：(1)用CES-D测量心理幸福感具有时效性变化。CES-D得分的变化与工作负荷、人际关系等日常活动应激源的时间变化呈弱相关。基于Erikson的生命周期理论，编制了福岛心理社会发展量表(FPSDS)，并将其解释为一种灵活成熟的自我功能。抑郁自评量表得分与CES-D得分呈显著负相关。与生活满意度、活动质量、社交网络数量呈正相关。相关模式因性别不同而不同。女性非工作相关活动质量和社交网络数量与抑郁自评量表得分呈正相关，男性工作相关活动质量与抑郁自评量表得分呈正相关。(3)中年人群心理、体能能力下降，体貌改变。对老年自我的认知是非常消极的。但他们经常试图应对负面情绪。他们使用了各种次级补偿和控制策略。(4)中年人群非常活跃。他们有不同的目标和梦想。虽然他们有许多困难和限制，如工作负担过重，责任重，子女、配偶和年迈的父母问题严重，但他们努力实现自己的目标和梦想。(5)我们找到了积极应对的人和积极的追梦人。我们可以期待他们具有与年龄相适应的自我功能和健康的人格，通过从多个角度分析他们的心理特征，我们可以得到一些关于富有成效和健康的中年生活的提示。

Major findings of this study were as follow :(1) Psychological well-being measured using CES-D changed temporally. The changes of CES-D score were weakly correlated with temporal changes of amount of stressors derived from daily activities such as work loadings and interpersonal relationships. Sometimes such kind of hassles leaded people to have a sense of self-efficacy and self-effectiveness.(2) Based on Erikson's idea of life cycle, Fukushima Psycho-Social Development Scale (FPSDS) was developed and a single factor, which was interpreted as a flexible and matured ego functioning, was derived. The score of FPSDS was negatively correlated with CES-D scores. It was also positively correlated with satisfaction to life, quality of activities and amount of social network. The correlation pattern was different by gender. In female, the quality of non-work related activities and the amount of social network correlated with the score of FPSDS, on the contrary the quality of work related activities correlated with the score of FPSDS in male.(3) People in the middle life perceived decreasing of psychological and physical abilities and changes of physical appearance. The perception of aged self was very negative. But frequently they tried to cope with negative feelings. They used various secondary compensation and control strategies.(4) People in the middle life were very active. They had various goals and dreams. Although they had many difficulties and restrictions such as over-loading of work, heavy responsibilities, and serious problems of their children, spouses and old parents, they tried to accomplish their goals and dreams.(5) We found actively coped people and active dreamers. We can expect that they would have an age-appropriated ego functioning and healthy personality and we can get some hints for a productive and healthy middle life through analyses of their psychological characteristics from multiple perspectives.