Positioning of Japanese prehistory in East Asia

根据北海道石器、陶器类型、骨器、其他器物、民居和丧葬仪式等多种文化元素的分布，研究了旧石器、绳索、弥生和后来各时期北海道文化的区域及其变化。1)旧石器时代晚期，佐藤先生总结说，日本是日本海周围薄弱而广泛的文化共同体的一个或多个联系纽带，整个时期日本群岛都发展起来了。2)对于柔门时期，今村指出，在整个时期，北海道以北的大豆海峡、韩国和九州之间的朝鲜海峡以及冲绳主岛以南的大豆海峡都保持着文化边界。这样的边界比日本群岛内地方之间的任何其他边界都要清晰。九州有自己的几个文化e…几乎在整个时期都有更多的地震，随着我们向南移动到冲绳，它们的频率会减少。这表明冲绳处于绳索文化的最远端。3)根据T·后藤的说法，虽然九州和韩国的共同文化元素在弥生时期有所增加，但也可以认识到基本的差异。从九州北部到东部和北部，我们看到弥生文化元素向下倾斜。4)H.Uagawa和T.Kumaki定义了北海道是一个具有文化独特性的地区，以及从绳门到现代与本州的延续和交流。北海道与库页岛或千岛群岛之间文化交流的证据在柔门时期很少，但在埃皮-柔门时期就更少了。除了独特的刀箭文化和鄂霍次克文化外，与北部地区的关系并没有成为北海道的主流。我们将为这一项目的结果申请科学出版补助，因为准备的手稿非常多，而且这本书可以供公众使用。较少

Cultural areas and their changes were researched for each period of Palaeolithic, Jomon, Yayoi and later cultures in Hokkaido basing on the distribution of many kinds of cultural elements such as stone tools, pottery types, bone tools, other artifacts, dwellings and funeral rites. How far distinct and proper to the Japanese islands such areas were reviewed in perspectives of East Asia wide.1) For the Late Palaeolithic period, H.Sato summarized that Japan was a link or links of weak and extensive cultural community around the Japan Sea and that subareas developed in the Japanese Islands throughout the period.2) For the Jomon period, K.Imamura pointed out that cultural boundaries were maintained throughout the period at the Soya Strait to the north of Hokkaido, at the Korean Strait between Korea and Kyushu, and to the south of the main island of Okinawa. Such boundarics were clearer than any other ones between local areas within the Japanese Islands. Kyushu had its own several cultural e … More lements almost throughout the period and they decrease in the frequency as we move southward to Okinawa. It shows that Okinawa was at the farthest stretch of the Jomon culture.3) According to T.Goto, although cultural elements common to Kyushu and Korea increased in the Yayoi period, basic difference can be recognized as well. We see a downward cline of Yayoi cultural elements from northern Kyushu to east and north.4) H.Utagawa and T.Kumaki defined that Hokkaido was an area of cultural uniqueness as well as continuation from and exchanges with Honshu from Jomon up to the Modern times. Evidence of cultural exchange between Hokkaido and Sakhalin or Kurile Islands is scarce for the Jomon period although it is more a little for the Epi-Jomon period. Except for the distinct blade arrowhead culture and the Okhotsk culture, relations with the northern areas did not become the main stream for Hokkaido.We will apply to grant-in aid for scientific publication for the result of this project because prepared manuscripts are very voluminous and because the book can be valuable for the public use. Less