A HISTORICAL STUDY OF 'MODERN' IN FRENCH LITERATURE

我们的研究是在“修辞学与法国文学：传统与反抗”（1993）和“从规范到创造：修辞学教育与法国文学”(1994,！995和！996)。它的主要目的是追溯法国文学史上遵循传统规范的保守态度与渴望创造新价值的改革精神相互对立的关键时刻，并在这种对立中孕育出一片肥沃的文学土壤。因此，我们试图将“现代”的概念从法语中“现代性”的含义（波德莱尔和马奈所推崇的现代性）和英语中“现代”的含义中解放出来，在英语中，“现代”一词特别指20世纪初的现代主义，而在德语中，“现代”一词指的是文艺复兴以来的漫长时间跨度。在我们的反思中，我们包括了过去和今天之间的不同冲突，并考察了所有把最大价值放在当代事物上的倾向。然而，在我们的报告卷中收集的大部分论文都是关于波德莱尔的。这再次显示了这位作者问题的深度和多样性。四篇关于波德莱尔的文章分别探讨了伟大韵诗《天鹅》中记忆与忧郁的关系；论他散文诗的本体论特殊性他的动态模拟概念中的能量问题；他对童年天才的看法（le genie-enfant）本卷开篇是一篇关于18世纪一场争论的文章，争论的焦点是散文诗的价值、诗歌危机的前兆现象以及散文诗在随后一个世纪的繁荣。在卷的末尾，处理了两篇关于波德莱尔之后现代性发展的文章：瓦莱里艺术家对自己创作的自我意识和米肖写作和造型艺术的互补关系。少

Our research is a further development of our past ones within the same framework : "Rhetoric and French Literature : Tradition and Revolt" (1993) and "From the Norm to Creations : Rhetoric Education and French Literature" (1994, ! 995 and ! 996). Its principal object has been to retrace the critical moments in the history of French literature when the conservative attitude observing the traditional normes and the reform spirit desiring to creat new values were opposed to each other, with the consequence that a fertile literary soil came into being from this opposition itself.Thus, we have tried to release the idea of "modern" from its French meaning of the "modernity (modernite)" that Baudelaire and Manet celebrated and from its English connotation in which the term indicates specially the modernism in the beginning of the 20^<th> century, as from its German sense of the very large time span since the Rennaissance. We have included in our reflection the different conflicts between the … More past and today and examined all the tendencies attaching the greatest value to what is contemporary.Nevertheless, the most part of the dissertations collected in our report volume concern Baudelaire. This shows again the deepness and the variety of this auther's problematics. The four essays on Baudelaire consider respectively the relation between memory and melancholy in the great verse poem "The Swan (Le Cygne)" ; the ontological specificities in his prose poems ; the question of energy in his conception of a dynamic mimesis ; his idea of the genius in childhood (le genie-enfant).The volume opens with an essay on a controversy, in the 18^<th> century, about the value of prose poems, precursory phenomenon of the crisis of verse and the prosperity of the prose poem in the following century. At the end of the volume are disposed two essays on the developments of the modernity after Baudelaire : the artist's self-consciousness of his own creation in Valery and the complementary relation of writing and of plastic arts in Michaux. Less