Disaster and Crime (Crime Victimization and Fear of Crime after the Hanshin Great Earthquake)

虽然大地震后，由于警察的无效和社会在紧急情况下的混乱，犯罪似乎增加了，但这是不准确的。自然灾害通常会减少犯罪，加强公民之间的团结，特别是灾害受害者。在某些情况下，自然灾害导致犯罪增加，因为社会混乱已经存在，灾害成为犯罪爆炸性增加的触发因素。关东大地震后，发生了大规模屠杀韩国居民的事件。到那时，许多朝鲜人因日本统治朝鲜半岛造成的贫困而移居日本。1919年的群众独立和解放运动受到殖民势力的严重镇压，对朝鲜人的偏见变得更加强烈。大地震后颁布的戒严令是由曾经严厉镇压韩国独立运动的两名将军和东京警视厅厅长准备的。 ...更多信息 呃维持得相当好，没有发生严重的犯罪问题。这证明了上述总的趋势。食物的供应超越了种族边界，人们互相支持。然而，加强社区内受害者之间的团结可能会阻止潜在罪犯的流动，但这也不公平地排斥了“外来者”，特别是社区内的亚裔外国居民。被日本人排斥在外的越南人不得不搬到一个公园，在难民营里开始集体生活。为了向少数民族提供准确的信息，志愿者们还开设了FM电台。我们向科比的东田、中央区、长田和西宫市的各居委会负责人发放了调查问卷，询问了地震后的预防犯罪活动。以下是事实调查结果：他们的活动是自发的，独立于警察和地方政府。他们相信这些活动能有效防止罪案及减低市民对罪案受害的恐惧。少

Although crime seems to increase after great earthquakes due to ineffectiveness of police and social disorganization under emergencies, this is not accurate. Natural disaster usually decreases crime for strengthened solidarity among citizens, especially disaster victims. In some cases, natural disaster results in increase of crime, where social disorganization preexists and the disaster becomes a trigger of explosive increase of offences. After the Kanto Great Earthquake mass murder of Korean residents took place. By then, many Koreans moved to Japan for poverty caused under Japanese rules of Korean Peninsula. Mass movement for independent and liberation in 1919 was severely suppressed by colonial forces and prejudice against Koreans became stronger. The martial law after the earthquake was promulgated, which was prepared by two generals and the head of Tokyo Metropolitan Police who had severely suppressed the independent movement in Korea.After the Hanshin Great Earthquake, social ord … More er was considerably maintained and serious problems of crime did not occurred. This proved the aforementioned general tendency. Food was supplied beyond ethnic borders and people supported each other. However strengthened solidarity among victims in communities might have prevented from flowing potential offenders' flowing, it also unfairly excluded "outsiders", especially Asian foreign residents in the communities. Vietnamese, excluded by Japanese, had to move to a park and start collective life in refugee camp. Some volunteers also started FM station to give accurate information to the minorities.We sent questionnaires to each head of neighborhood associations in Higashinada, Chuo, Nagata in Kobe and Nishinomiya City, inquiring crime prevention activities after the earthquake. Following are the fact-findings : Their activities were spontaneous and independent of police and local government. Most were engaged in night patrol, then inspection of dangerous spots, day patrol, etc. They believed such activities were efficient to prevent crime and reduce fear of victimization of crime. Less