A study on effects of two-dimensional mental-maps for visually handicapped pedestrians.

研究人员在过去的研究中指出，二维心理图对视障行人是有效的，帮助形成二维心理图的环境因素和对视障行人的训练方案是重要的。随后，1998年，研究者利用听觉信息研究视障行人的空间认知特征，探讨视障行人的声音环境应该是怎样的。实验人员在消声室内重现了20种声音环境，并让被试（5名视障人士和5名非视障人士）想象这是什么空间。结果证实，交通声音对道路构成的认知贡献较大，而与场所图像差异较大的声音，如住宅区的重型车辆声音，使空间认知困难。1999年，提出了视障行人定向训练项目（定向越野），目的是让视障行人在被动外出的情况下有了外出的意愿，训练他们对周围环境有二维的认知。该方案的评价实验结果证实，独立行走携带便携式触觉地图对二维心理地图的构成是有效的。然而，娱乐活动并不足够，一些参与者报告了恐惧和焦虑的心理负荷。在2000年，我们尝试透过康体为视障行人提供支援和训练。参与者拿着便携式触觉地图在一个观光区漫步。所有的参与者都报告了触觉地图的有效性，它使人们更容易拥有二维的心理地图，并与他人协商目的地等。此外，如何提供不能在触觉地图上显示的信息，如店铺名称等，是今后需要解决的问题。少

The researchers reported in past researches that two-dimensional mental-maps was effective for visually handicapped pedestrians, and that environmental-makings to assist the formation of two-dimensional mental-maps and training programs for visually handicapped pedestrians were important.Following this, in 1998, the researchers studied about the characteristics of visually handicapped pedestrians' spatial cognition using auditory information, to investigate how the sound environment should be for visually handicapped pedestrians. The experimenters reproduced 20 sound environments in anechoic chamber, and the subjects (5 visually handicapped and 5 non-handicapped people) imagined what space it was. From the result, it was confirmed that traffic sounds greatly contributed to the cognition of the road composition, and that the sound providing greatly different image from the place, such as heavy vehicle sounds in a residential area, makes the spatial cognition difficult.In 1999, the train … More ing program for visually handicapped pedestrians (orienteering) was proposed, for the purpose of giving the will to go out to the visually handicapped who are passive to go out, and providing them a training to have two-dimensional image of the surroundings. From the result of evaluation experiments of this program, it was confirmed that walking independently with portable tactile maps was effective for the composition of two-dimensional mental-map. However, the recreation was not obtained enough, and some participants reported psychological loads of fear and anxiety.In 2000, the support and training for visually handicapped pedestrians were attempted through the recreation. The participants strolled in a sightseeing area with portable tactile maps. All participants reported the effectiveness of tactile maps, which make it easy to have two-dimensional mental-maps, and to consult with other people about destinations etc. Moreover, it was pointed out as a problem in the future that how the information which cannot be put on tactile maps, name of shop etc., should be offered. Less