Study on the Avoidance Response in Asterina pectinifera to Solaster dawsoni

海燕在与掠食者小行星太阳星接触前逃离了它。这种反应被称为回避反应。A.在海洋动物群中，只有海雀对小行星有回避反应。一些小行星，如Asterias rubens，表现出逃避反应，这是指与对手的身体接触，以拒绝捕食。pectinifera是由S. dawsoni的生物活性测定方法，并对与回避反应有关的活性物质进行分离纯化，通过测定回避反应前的滞后时间、回避反应的平均速度和与起点的距离等指标，对活性物质的生物活性进行定量分析。每个项目通过5个等级进行评价，3个项目的等级总和分为4个生物活性强度（+、++、+和-）。从S.冻融处理的Dawsoni引起最强的反应（+）。Pronase E处理可消除滴注液的生物活性。通过30，000的超滤将生物活性物质保留在内溶液中。通过硫酸铵分级分离、凝胶过滤层析和高效液相色谱分离，发现A. pectinifera由几种分子量约为100，000的蛋白质化合物引起。在上述研究过程中，我们发现，A.结果表明，果胶对人手部鳞屑区有一定的治疗和预防作用。从山茱萸水提物中分离得到2个多羟基甾体和3个甾体皂苷（果胶苷A、B和C）。果胶

Asterina pectinifera flees from the predator asteroid Solaster dawsoni before contact. This response is called an avoidance reaction. A. pectinifera is the only asteroid among marine fauna, which show the avoidance reaction. Several asteroids, such as Asterias rubens, show an escape response, which refer to the physical contact by the opponent to reject the predation.We have elucidated that the avoidance response in A. pectinifera is induced by biomolecules of S. dawsoni, and in the present research project, we aimed to develop a quantitative bioassay and isolation and purification of bioactive compounds responsible to the avoidance reaction.The bioactivity was quantified by measuring the following items : "lag time before avoidance response", "average speed of evasion", and "distance from the origin". Each item was evaluated by five grades, and the sum of grades of three items were categorized into four intensities of bioactivity (+++, ++, +, and -). A liquid (drip) obtained from S. dawsoni by freeze-thaw procedure elicited the strongest response (+++). The bioactivity of the drip was eliminated by Pronase E treatment. Bioactive substances were remained in the inner solution by the ultra filtration of 30,000. Separation by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography, and HPLC revealed that the avoidance response in A. pectinifera elicited by several proteinaceous compounds with molecular weight of around 100,000. As far as we can tell that this is the first report of allelochemicals having such larger molecular weights.In the course of the above study, we found that the aquarium water of A. pectinifera showed remedial and preventive effects on scaly area of human hands. Two polyhydroxysteroids and three steroidal saponins (pectiniosides A, B and C) were isolated as bioactive substances from the water extract of A. pectinifera.