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Studies on the Structure and Function of Autotomy Promoting Factor in Sea Stars

海星自残促进因子的结构与功能研究

基本信息

批准号：
15380140
负责人：
NAMIKOSHI Michio
金额：
$ 9.79万
依托单位：
Tohoku Pharmaceutical University (2006)Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (2004-2005)東京水産大学 (2003)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A few species of asteroids living in the coast area of Japan, such as Asterias amurensis, Coscinasterias acutispina, Distolasterias nippon and Aphelasterias japonica, are known to amputate their arms when they are attacked by predators or physically wounded on arms. This phenomenon is called autotomy, and the same process can be artificially generated by physical, electric or thermal shock. The body fluid, obtained by the artificial autotomy, promoted the amputation of an arm of the same species when injected in a coelom. The substance in this fluid was named as autotomy promoting factor (APF), but the chemical structure of APF has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the biological process of autotomy and structure of APF.Body fluids obtained by thermal shock were injected in the same species and observed an amputation of the injected arms. This bioassay was used for the study. A. amurensis of Tokyo Bay were more sensitive than those of Mutsu Bay. Autotomy began with softening of aboral side, and simultaneously, the muscles between ambulacral plates were contracted and separated at the autotomy plane. The injected arm was then settled on the bottom by tube feet and the rest of four arms moved toward the opposite direction to tear off the injected arm.Isolation of APF was studied using scalded body fluids of A. amurensis collected in Tokyo Bay. Body fluids were separated by a size exclusion column followed by repeated HPLC. Promotion of autotomy was detected for one fraction, which showed a single peak. This substance is an extremely minor component, and HPLC separation was repeated many times to obtain enough amounts to measure the ^1H and ^<13>C NMR spectra. Although the final structure is still under identification, this substance is revealed to be a derivative of nicotinamide.

生活在日本沿海地区的一些小行星，如Asterias amurensis、Coasterias acutispina、Distolasterias nippon和Aphelasterias japonica，在受到捕食者攻击或手臂受伤时会截去手臂。这种现象被称为自切，同样的过程可以通过物理，电或热冲击人工产生。通过人工自切术获得的体液，当注射到体腔中时，促进了同一物种手臂的截肢。这种液体中的物质被命名为自切促进因子（APF），但APF的化学结构尚未阐明。本研究将热休克后获得的体液注入同种动物，观察注射后的手臂截肢情况，探讨自体截肢的生物学过程和APF的结构。该生物测定法用于本研究。A.东京湾的amurensis比陆津湾的amurensis敏感。自断时，背口侧开始软化，同时，步带板之间的肌肉收缩，并在自断平面分离。然后将注射臂用管脚固定在底部，其余四只臂向相反方向移动，将注射臂撕离。在东京湾采集的amurensis。通过尺寸排阻柱分离体液，然后重复HPLC。一个组分检测到促进自切，其显示单峰。这种物质是一种极其微量的成分，为了获得足够的量来测量^1H和13C NMR谱，需要多次重复HPLC分离<13>。虽然最终结构仍在鉴定中，但该物质被证明是烟酰胺的衍生物。