Japanese Child-Rearing Culture from the Viewpoints of Developmental Clinical Practice and Kansei Psychology ; Through the Study of Parent-Infant Pictures

(1)在日本浮世绘的全家福中，我们有很多“一起看”的例子。他们必须反映我们的育儿文化风格和临床情况，所以我们对其心理进行了调查。(2)从母题、关系结构(包括身体接触的可能性)、凝视方向等多个角度对图解母婴形象进行分类。因此，我们得到了几个类别，如“共生”和“一起观看与身体接触”。(3)采用Ukiyoe图及其改进型，研究了母亲、女学生和男学生观察者对人物注视方向的判断、对人物对话情境的解读以及对人物印象的研究。不同性别和不同社会角色的观察者对情境的理解和对人物的印象不同，而不是对凝视方向的相同判断。我们从项目…易用性的角度对结果进行了讨论更倾向于照片中母亲的形象。我们还发现，凝视方向的判断、情景解读和对图形的印象都受到图片中没有被观察者看过的物体的影响。我们从无意识意识的角度对结果进行了讨论。此外，使用线索范式，我们证实了共同注意的结构导致了观察者对图片中图形共同观看的物体的快速而强烈的注意。(4)运用语义区分的方法对母子关系进行了研究。因素分析得出两个因素，分别解释为愉快关系和情感关系。在大五量表中，开朗的关系因素与无责任心相关，情绪关系因素与神经质相关。(5)收集了356幅描写亲子关系的现代亚洲美术作品，分析了它们之间的关系。这些模式在国家之间是不同的。“共生关系”在Ukiyoe很流行，在菲律宾也有，但在许多其他国家受到限制。“一起看”在越南、台湾等地也很常见。我们发现了许多代表多个人的图片，他们似乎从母亲那里获得了孩子的兴趣，促进了分离，让母亲自由了。较少

(1)We have many examples of "viewing together" in the family pictures of Japanese Ukiyoe. They must reflect our culture style of child-rearing and clinical situation, so we investigated its psychology. (2)We classified the illustrated mother-infant figures from many view points like motif, structures of their relationship (including the possibility of the bodily contact) and directions of their gaze. As a result we have got several categories such as "symbiotic" and "viewing together with bodily contact". (3)Using an Ukiyoe print and its modifications, we studied the judgment of eye gaze directions of figures, interpretation of their conversational situations and impression of a figure by observers of mothers, female students and male students. Instead of the same judgment of gaze direction, the interpretation of the situations and impression of a figure were different among the observers' gender and social role. We discussed the results from the point of view of the ease of the projec … More tion to the figure of a mother in the pictures. We also showed that the judgment of gaze direction, situational interpretation and impression of a figure were affected by the object in the pictures that was not looked at by observers. We discussed the result form the point of view of unconscious awareness. Moreover, using the cueing paradigm, we confirmed that the configuration of joint attention led the quick and strong attention, of the observers to the object that was viewed together by the figures in the pictures. (4) The mother and child relationship was studied also by the semantic differential method. The factor analysis produced 2 factors, which were interpreted as cheerful relationship and emotional relationship. The cheerful relationship factor correlated with non-conscientiousness in the Big five scales, and the emotional relationship factor correlated with neuroticism. (5) We collected 356 Modern Asian Arts describing parent and child, and analyzed their relationship. These patterns are different between countries. "Symbiotic relations," which are popular in Ukiyoe, are found in Philippine too but restricted in many other countries. "Viewing together" is also found in Vietnam, Taiwan etc. We found many pictures representing plural persons, who seem to make children's interest out of their mother, promote separation and let their mother free. Less