Analysis of interrelationship between hardware and software technologies In the processes of the product development

在研究中，我们考察并明确了日本电子跨国公司在全球范围内发展其研发活动的程度，同时牢记硬件技术和软件技术。我们通过参考美国专利和作为研发活动成果发表的科学论文，成功地减轻了这些跨国公司在硬件技术和软件技术领域的基础研究的国际化和网络化程度。这项研究的主要发现是，电子公司研发活动的全球化和网络化表明了高标准，并在基础研究的软件和工业工程的硬件方面继续取得进展。它们在基础研究领域的研发活动国际化的平均比率（以科学论文为单位）已超过美国7家跨国公司（截至1998年）。在日本跨国公司的基础研究领域，国际网络化的研发结构正在急剧发展。

In the research, we have examined and cleared to what extent Japanese electronics multinationals develop their R＆D activities on a global scale, keeping hardware technologies and software technologies in mind. We have successfully made light of their extent of internationalization and networking of R＆D by these multinationals in the field of hardware technologies and software technologies in the basic research by taking an approach that refers to US patents and scientific papers published as results of R＆D activities. The main finding of this research is that globalization and networking of R＆D activities of the electronics companies demonstrate high standards and are continuing to progress both in terms of software in basic research and hardware in industrial engineering. The average ratio of internationalization of their R＆D activities in the field of basic research in terms of scientific papers has exceeded that of 7 US MNCs as of 1998. It may be suggested that there is a drastic evolution towards an international networking R＆D structures in the fields of basic research of Japanese multinationals.