Japanese macaques in Post-glacial period

1)考古遗址中日本猕猴骨骼的研究综述了日本不同地点考古遗址中的动物骨骼遗骸，主要是柔门时期的遗骨。在217个地点发现了日本猕猴的骨骼。这些地点是根据地点的日期在地图上绘制的。调查结果为今后日本猕猴的分布研究提供了有用的资源。至于奈良时期及以后的遗址，考古数据得到了来自历史文献的信息的补充。对这些考古猕猴遗骸的牙齿也进行了形态研究。结果表明，日本猕猴在更新世以后形态变化不大。这项研究还表明，现代日本猕猴种群之间的地理差异很小。这项研究包括来自谷桥岛绳纹遗址的日本猕猴骨骼。自从从考古骨骼中提取DNA的尝试开始以来，…就在最近，我们仍应等待积累足够的数据。共同建立从考古标本中提取DNA的方法是向前迈出的重要一步。对更新世日本猕猴Rema起源的研究表明，它们在相当长的时间内就迁徙到了日本。2)现代日本猕猴的研究对其头骨的形态变异进行了计量分析。此外，还完成了日本猕猴使用的食用植物清单。通过对日本猕猴DNA D-环的分析，研究了日本猕猴种群分布的变化。这是最成功的项目，说明了特别(奇特？)冰川后时期物种分布的性质。在现代日本猕猴群体中发现了几种不同的DNA单倍型。研究表明，日本东部和西部的种群明显分离。在这个项目的过程中，我们可以大幅增加现代猕猴样本的数量，以及定位ANCI猕猴样本。这些都是对未来日本猕猴研究非常有用的贡献。较少

1) Study of Japanese macaque bones from archaeological sitesAnimal bone remains from archaeological sites, mainly of the Jomon period, in various locations in Japan were reviewed. Bones of Japan macaques have been found from 217 sites. These sites were plotted on maps according to the dates of the sites. The result of the survey v be a useful resource for future studies on the distribution of the Japanese macaques. As for the sites of the Nara Period and later, archaeological data was supplemented by information from historical texts. Morphological study of the teeth of these archaeologi macaque remains was also carried out. The result suggests that there was little morphological change in the Japanese macaques after Pleistocene. The study also suggests that the geographical variation among the modern Japanese macaque populations is small. Japan macaque bones from Jomon sites in Tanegashima Island was included in the study. Since attempts to extract DNA from archaeologi bones has begun … More only recently, we should still wait for enough data to be accumulated. It is an important step forward that we co establish the methods for DNA extraction from archaeological specimens. Study of the origin of Pleistocene Japanese macaque rema showed that they migrated to Japan quite long time ago.2) Study of modern Japanese macaquesMetrical analysis of the morphological variation of the skulls was carried out. In addition, the list of food plants used by Japanese macaques was completed. The changes in the distribution of the Japanese macaques were investigated based on the analysis of D-loop of DNA. This was the most successful project, which illustrated the special (peculiar?) nature of the distribution of the spec during the post-glacial period. Several different DNA haplotypes were found in modern Japanese macaque populations. The study revea that the population in the eastern Japan is clearly separated from that in the western Japan.In the course of this project, we could greatly increase the number of modern macaque samples, as well as locating the anci macaque specimens. These are the contributions that will be very useful for the future study of the Japanese macaques. Less