Impact of irrigation development projects on disease vectors in West Timor, Indonesia

在印度尼西亚西帝汶的古邦郊区调查了大坝建设引起的环境变化对疾病媒介的影响，特别是蚊子的区系、密度和季节动态。观测是在项目开始前开始的，一直持续到大坝和相关灌溉系统的建设完成，以及新的灌溉稻田开始建设，坝址上方的河流变成了坝湖。结果，沿着的蚊子幼虫栖息地消失了。在新湖，孔雀鱼和其他释放的鱼类繁殖迅速，抑制了蚊子的繁殖。在坝址以下，水流量减少，缓慢流动的部分增加。然而，由于人工排水引起的水位波动增加了蚊子栖息地的不稳定性。连接大坝和稻田的混凝土衬砌水渠并不是蚊子的栖息地，因为水流， ...更多信息 如果水是停滞的，在山坡上沿沿着而建的边沟，往往会填满泥土，使积水适合蚊子滋生。新建的灌溉稻田，蚊虫全年均可繁殖，且蚊密度高。灌溉用水是从大坝底部通过过滤器，所以没有鱼在新建的渠道和稻田。在这些生境人工引入食幼虫鱼类，可有效遏止蚊子滋生。项目结束后，建筑物被毁，机器和其他设备被丢弃，成为蚊子幼虫的滋生地。作为在西帝汶灌溉发展项目中预防病媒传播疾病的有用基本信息，调查了食幼虫鱼类和老鼠寄生虫的分布情况，水坝建设产生了新的蚊子栖息地，但通过适当和不断的改善和维护，可以减少蚊子繁殖的风险。一个被广泛接受的观点是，大坝建设增加了水生生境和疟疾等病媒传播疾病流行的风险，这一观点并不一定正确。还必须认识到，灌溉的发展可以通过增加水资源来促进病媒蚊子的控制。少

Impact of environmental changes caused by dam construction on disease vectors, especially fauna, density and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes, were investigated in the suburbs of Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia. Observation was started just before the start of the project and continued until the completion of construction of the dam and associated irrigation systems and the start of construction of new irrigated rice filed.The river above the dam site changed into the dam lake. As a consequence, mosquito larval habitats along river edges disappeared. In the new lake, the guppy and other released fished reproduced rapidly and suppressed mosquito breeding. Below the dam site, the amount of water flow decreased and slowly running parts increased. However, water level fluctuations due to artificial water discharge increased instability of mosquito habitats. Concrete-lined water channels connecting the dam and the rice fields were not mosquito habitats insofar as water flows but they became mo … More squito habitats if water was stagnant. The side ditches constructed along water channels in hill sides were often filled with the soil and kept stagnant water suitable for mosquito breeding. In the newly constructed irrigated rice fields, mosquitoes can breed throughout the year, and mosquito densities were high. Irrigation water is taken from the bottom of the dam through filters, so there was no fish in newly constructed channels and rice fields. Artificial introduction of larvivorous fishes into those habitats could effectively suppress mosquito breeding. Buildings destroyed and machines and other equipments discarded after the project afforded breeding sites for mosquito larvae. As basic information useful to prevention of vector-borne diseases in irrigation development projects in West Timor, distribution of larvivorous fishes and the parasites of rats were investigated.Dam construction produces new mosquito habitats, but risks of mosquito breeding can be reduced by appropriate and constant improvement and maintenance. A widely accepted idea that dam construction increase the aquatic habitats and risks of epidemics of vector-borne diseases such a malaria is not necessarily correct. It is necessary to recognize also that the irrigation development can contribute to disease vector mosquito control by the increased water manageability. Less