French Poetical Forms and Cultural Factors

我们为期三年（2002年至2004年）的集体研究项目的目的是描述最广泛意义上的文化因素对法国诗歌形式转变的影响。虽然文艺复兴以来法国诗歌的总体历史绝不是被忽视的，但我们的主要焦点是现代性。在十九世纪，在戏剧和史诗经历了两百年的“衰落”之后，抒情传统得到了更新。尽管人们可以自由地、甚至鼓励人们采用各种方法，但所有的研究者都被要求讨论波德莱尔的诗歌，他的作品不仅对固定形式的完美掌握，而且也有抒情衰落的迹象。他不满足于常规诗歌的资源，发明了一种新的形式，即“散文诗”。他作为诗人和评论家的双重身份和各种活动以及他与新闻界的冲突关系是其他兴趣点。在我们研究的一年多一点的时间里，一个国际研讨会举行了，激发了关于诸如“黄昏”抒情诗，“散文诗”的起源，诗人与人群的模糊关系，他的现实主义特征与他对摄影的厌恶形成对比，他对后代的沉思和陶醉等等主题的论文。这场辩论是如此有希望，以至于我们想进一步开展研究，本报告的增编中证明了这一成功。在完成了第一个目标之后，我们想更深入地讨论现代诗人与新闻界之间的意识形态和美学冲突问题。

The aim of our three-year (2002 to 2004) collective research project was to describe the influence of cultural factors in the broadest sense on formal transformations in French poetry. While the general history of French poetry since the Renaissance was by no means ignored, our main focus was on modernity. on the way lyrical traditions were renewed during the XIXth century after a two hundred year "eclipse" that had largely benefitted dramatic and epic poetry.Although left free, and indeed encouraged, to adopt varied approaches, all researchers were asked to discuss the poetry of Charles Baudelaire, whose work is remarkable not only for its perfect mastery of fixed forms but also for signs of lyrical decline : dissatisfied with the resources of regular verse, he invented a new form, the "poeme en prose". His dual status as poet and critic and varied activities as well as his conflictual relations with the press were other points of interest. A little over a year into our research, an international symposium took place, inspiring papers on such themes as "crepuscular" lyrism, the genesis of the "poeme en prose", the poet's ambiguous relationship with crowds, his realistic traits in contrast with his loathing of photography, his musings on posterity and intoxication and many more. So promising was this debate that we wanted to take our research further, with the success evidenced in the addenda to this report. Upon completion of our first objective, we would know like to dwell longer and deeper on the question of ideological and aesthetical conflicts between modern poets and the press.