Development of Non-Pharmacological Nursing Intervention for Alleviation of Pain in Children

2002年进行的文献综述的结果，27篇关于非药物干预的论文和24篇关于儿科疼痛管理的论文已被识别。在回顾这些文献后，选择了“背部按摩”和“足浴”作为干预方法。对于有效干预的指标，使用疼痛相关的身体症状，睡眠质量，压力水平。通过访谈和观察收集疼痛相关的躯体症状：采用Actiwatch和外周温度测量睡眠质量;通过唾液皮质醇水平测量应激水平。本研究的受试者是来自三家儿科医院的6名儿童，他们在解释程序后允许参加研究。三家儿科医院的护士参加了工作坊，学习了“背部按摩”和“足浴”的技能，并开始了。在六名参与研究的儿童中，有五名选择足浴作为缓解干预措施，只有一名选择背部按摩。由于受试者人数较少，在客观指标上没有观察到显著的效果，无论是儿童/家庭还是护士，他们都认为背部按摩和足浴是引起放松的方法。采用Actiwatcjh法和主观访谈法进行数据分析，结果表明足浴对睡眠满意度有影响。作为一个额外的结果，护士有更多的机会与儿童/家庭沟通，护士可以分配他们的时间给孩子作为治疗，而不是作为干预。当他们有时间。

The result of Literature review carried out in 2002, 27 papers on non-pharmacological intervention and 24 papers on pediatric pain management had been identified. Upon reviewing those literature, "Back massage" and "Foot bath" were selected as methods of intervention. For indicators of effective intervention, pain related physical symptoms, quality of sleep, stress level were used. Pain related physical symptoms were collected through interview and observation : quality of sleep was measured by Actiwatch and peripheral temperature ; and stress level was measured by salivary cortisol level. The subjects of the study were 6 children from three pediatric hospitals who gave permission to be in the study after explanation of the procedures. The nurse of three pediatric hospitals were joined in workshop to acquire the acquire the skill of "Back massage" and "Foot bath" and started. Among six children who had participated in the study, 5 choused to have Foot bath as their alleviation intervention, and only one choose Back massae. Since the number of subjects were small, there were no significant effect were observed in objective indicator.Both children/family and nurses, they have recognized Back massage and Foot bath at the method s with cause relaxation. Data with Actiwatcjh and subjective interview indicated the satisfaction of sleep would have influence by Foot bath. As an addittional result, the nurse had increased opportunity to communicate with child/family and nurses can allocate their time to child as a therapy, not as an intervention. when they have a time.