Development of Crop production index and observation of reflectance spectrum on rice plant under water stress using controlled chamber - Development of monitoring method for rice production in China and India using satellites -

这项研究旨在开发一种遥感方法，监测日本和中国作物生长早期阶段的粮食生产。重要的是要在早期阶段监督粮食产量，以便在歉收即将来临时提前发出警报，特别是考虑到亚洲人口的迅速增长和水资源的长期紧张。迄今为止，监测谷物产量的方法除了降水数据外，还采用了累积大气温度指数或植被指数NDVI。然而，人口快速增长导致的新用水限制时代需要在区域作物生产模型中考虑太阳辐射和水分胁迫效应的光合模型。粮食生产监测将有助于有序的危机管理，以维持日本的粮食安全。日本的粮食产量远远不能满足本国人口的需求。本文提出了一个综合考虑太阳辐射、有效气温、植被生物量、温度对籽粒植物叶片光合作用的影响、低温不育性和高温伤害等因素的基于光合作用的作物生产指数CPI。这些后期因素扩展了Rasmussen模型，在作物抽穗期前后具有重要意义。提出的基于光合作用的作物生产指数CPI准确预测了8年来10个监测点的水稻产量和日本作物状况指数，包括近15年来最差的产量。由于稻田需要大量灌溉，因此特别强调水稻生产。本研究报道了水稻叶片在控制室内反射光谱的测量，以考虑缺水的影响。探讨了SRWI （Simple Ratio water Index）和NDWI（Normalized Difference water stress）短波红外反射水分胁迫指标的适用性，为未来MODIS和ASTER的应用提供参考。在对全日本稻田作物生产指数进行验证后，将光合作用类型的作物生产指数应用于中国，利用日本亚洲同步卫星太阳辐射和NOAA AVHRR生物量NDVI数据以及世界气象日气候条件数据计算作物生产指数。将估算结果与中国农作物产量统计数据进行了初步比较。少

This research aims to develop a remote sensing method of monitoring grain production in the early stages of crop growth in Japan and China. It is important to oversee the quantity of grain in production at an early stage in order to raise the alarm well in advance if a poor harvest is looming, especially in view of the rapid population increase in Asia and the long-term squeeze on water resources. Methods for monitoring cereal production have so far incorporated indices of accumulating atmospheric air temperature or vegetation Index NDVI in addition to precipitation data. However, the new era of water restriction caused by rapid population increase needs for photosynthetic model considering the effects of solar radiation and water stress effects in the regional crop production model. Grain production monitoring would allow orderly crisis management to maintain food security in Japan, which is far from producing enough grain for its own population. We propose a photosynthesis-based crop … More production index CPI that takes into account all of : solar radiation, effective air temperature, vegetation biomass, the effect of temperature on photosynthesis by leaves of grain plants, low-temperature sterility, and high-temperature injury. These later factors, which extend the model of Rasmussen, are significant around the heading period of crops.The proposed photosynthesis-based crop production index CPI has accurately predicted the rice yield and the Japanese Crop Situation Index at ten monitoring sites in eight years, including the worst yield in the last 15 years.Special emphasis is placed on rice production because of the demand for abundant irrigation in paddy fields.The research reports the measurement of reflectance spectrum of rice plant leaves in a controlled chamber to include the effect of water shortage. The applicability of water stress indices of SRWI (Simple Ratio Water Index) and NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Stress) using shortwave-infrared reflectance is discussed for the future application of MODIS and ASTER. After the validation of the Crop Production Index in paddy fields of whole Japan, the photosynthesis type of Crop production index is applied to China using solar radiation derived from Japanese Geostationary satellite over Asia and NDVI from NOAA AVHRR for biomass along with World Weather data for daily climate condition for the computation of Crop Production Index. The estimation results are preliminary compared to the statistics of crop production in China. Less