Study on Development of Community and NGO Participation in Mangrove Reforestation Programs

克服全球环境问题是构建可持续社会的核心问题。据说，非政府组织和居民的参与正在逐步取得成效，而官方发展援助在发展中国家的环境项目中并没有显示出一定的效果。然而，要克服这些问题并不容易，这样非政府组织和居民参与方案才能确保普遍性。环境参与计划还没有完成，尽管它有很大的可能性。作为本研究的地区，黑人90%或更多的红树林已经被砍伐。非政府组织和居民曾经参与过康复项目，但这些项目并没有取得有效的效果。我们的目标是提出非政府组织和居民参与计划的预期模式。该方案根据社区需要灵活发展，充分利用非政府组织和参与康复方案的居民的经验。在2000年的第一年，我们收集了关于黑人重新造林地点的现有文件，并对以红树林为生的村民进行了访谈。在2003年的第二年，我们对繁殖区和自然生长区进行了GPS测量。我们从系统收集的社会科学数据中开发了一个数据库。此外，这些结果也为在计算机上建立地理信息系统提供了基础资料。我们能够通过结合这个数据库来制作客观的地图，并在感兴趣的人中获得新的知识和共识。2004年第三年，根据以往的调查结果对调查区域进行了划分。我们建议了一个适合每个人的计划，如非政府组织的参与，并在一份报告中总结了三年的结果。

Overcoming global environmental problems is a central issue for the construction of the sustainable society. It is said that the NGO and resident participation is gradually obtaining the result, while ODA did not show the sure effects in the environmental programs of the developing country. However, the problems that should be overcome are not easy so that these NGO and resident participation programs secure universality. The environmental participation program is not completed though it has a big possibility.90% or more of mangrove forests in Negros that is the region for this research has been cut over. NGO and resident worked on the rehabilitation programs before, but these programs did not achieve effective result. Our aims are to propose the expected model of the NGO and resident participation program. This program is evolving flexibly depending on community needs, making the best use of the experience of NGO and resident involved in rehabilitation programs. In the first year 2000, we collected existing documents on reforestation sites in Negros and carried out interviews to villagers who earned their living of mangrove. In the second year 2003, we carried out the GPS measurement on the reproduction region and the natural growth region. We developed a database from social science data collected systematically. In addition, these results become basic material to build GIS on a computer. We are able to make objective maps by combining this database and get new knowledge and consensus among interested persons. In the third year 2004, we classified investigation regions by the past result. We suggested an adapted program to each such as participation of NGO and summarized three year results in a report.