Database Construction and Data Mining for Uncovering the Mechanism of Human Injury in Seismic Damage Buildings

（1）研究背景揭示破坏性地震建筑物中人员的损伤机理是从根本上解决预防人员伤亡事故发生的必要条件。然而，传统的研究直接从建筑物倒塌的数量来估计死亡人数。造成这种荒谬局面的原因是，建筑结构工程师和灾害医学研究人员在研究领域没有接触，他们一直在各自独立的组织下进行研究。（2）项目目的：为了跨学科讨论地震工程和灾害医学研究的最新成果。通过对数据库的回归分析和统计工作的应用，本研究第二次尝试提出了死亡人数估算模型，该模型可用于减少人为损害的具体措施。在这个项目中，2004年谷仓地球 ...更多信息 例如，1999年的伊朗Kocaeri地震是砌体结构倒塌的地震，1999年的土耳其Kocaeri地震是钢筋混凝土结构倒塌的地震，1995年的日本科比地震是木结构倒塌的地震。（3）项目实施启动会议：为了与工程领域和医学领域的研究人员讨论第一阶段3年的研究计划，在德克萨斯大学健康科学中心举行了日美合作的跨学科研究交流研讨会。本次会议以公开方式召开，同时通过Internet Web向世界各国发布会议情况。数据库建设：在本次会议讨论的基础上，从建筑物地震损伤中死亡发生的角度，重新定义了建筑物损伤的定义，旨在为阐明死亡发生机理而进行数据库建设。新的定义被形象化为建筑物损坏的模式图。根据这一定义，我们利用科贾里地震和科比地震中的死亡和建筑物损坏信息重建了数据库。此外，还将各研究机构收集到的相关数据进行了合并。死亡人数估算模型及其应用：对科比地震数据库进行了事件树分析，阐明了死亡原因。在此基础上，提出了一个遵循死亡过程的因果模型。即在多元回归模型中建立建筑物的死亡人数估算模型，第一步确定建筑物的结构破坏模式，第二步确定建筑物的体积损失，然后在最后一步可以计算出被困在倒塌建筑物中的居民的存活率。该模型不仅比传统的简单模型更精确，建筑物倒塌对死亡人数的影响是有规律的，而且引入了体积损失指标，适用于国外各种类型的建筑物。此外，该模型可以帮助决策的最佳分流的搜索和救援（SAR）活动作为一个后的对策，因为被困人员的生存潜力在倒塌的建筑物的倒塌模式的强烈影响，该模型可以提供有关的信息倒塌模式。少

(1)Research backgroundTo uncover the mechanism of human injury in buildings damaged by devastating earthquakes is indispensable to the fundamental resolution for prevention of the occurrence of deceased. However, conventional studies formulate the death toll estimation directly from the number of building collapses. Such ridiculous situation would be caused by the fact that there has been no contact in the research field between building structural engineers and disaster medical researchers, and they have been advancing the research under the independent organization each other.(2)Objectives of the projectIn order to interdisciplinary discuss the latest results of the research of the earthquake engineering and the disaster medicine. By the application of regression analysis and some statistical work to the database the study secondly tries to propose the death toll estimation model that runs to concrete measures for the human damage reduction. In this project treats the 2004 Barn Earth … More quake in Iran as an earthquake with masonry structure collapse, the 1999 Kocaeri Earthquake in Turkey as an earthquake with RC structure collapse, and the 1995 Kobe Earthquake in Japan as an earthquake with wooden structure collapse.(3)Implementation of the projectKickoff meeting :To discuss the research plan for 3 years with the researchers in the engineering field and the medical field at the first stage, an interdisciplinary symposium for research exchange was executed by the Japan-U.S.cooperation at the Center for Health Science, the University of Texas. The symposium was held by opening to the public, and the state of the symposium was simultaneously dlelivered to the world through the Internet Web.Construction of database :Based on the discussion in the symposium, the definition of building damage was redefined from the viewpoint of death occurrence in seismic damage building for the purpose of database construction for clarifying the death occurrence mechanism. The new definition was visualized as a pattern chart of building damage. Following the definition, we rebuilt the database from the information about dead and damage to building in the Kocaeri Earthquake and the Kobe Earthquake. In addiiton, we consolidated the database by adding the concerning data which various research organizations had collected.Modeling death toll estimation and its application :We elucidated the death causalities by means of event tree analysis for the Kobe Earthquake's database. On the basis of the result, a causal model following the process to death was proposed. That is to say, the death toll estimation model was constructed in multivariate regression model, in which the structural damage pattern of building can be specified as the result for given earthquake ground motion severities at the first step, the volumetric loss of building can be counted by the spatial damage index at the second step, and then the survival rate of inhabitants entrapped in collapsed building can be calculated at the final step. This model is not only accurate in comparison with the conventional simple models, that the collapse of building regulates the number of killed people, but also applicable to various type of buildings in foreign countries by introducing the index of volumetric loss. In addition, this model can help the decision-making for the optimal triage for search and rescue (SAR) activities as a post countermeasure ; because the survival potential of trapped people in collapsed building is affected strongly by the collapsed pattern of building, and the model can provide the information about the collapsed pattern. Less