Archaeological Research of P'o-hai Sites Related to "Nippon-Do"

克拉斯基诺古镇被称为与“日本岛”有关的渤海港口城市，即通往日本的道路。自1980年以来，克拉斯基诺古镇多次被隶属于历史考古和远东民族研究所的俄罗斯考古学家发掘。但到目前为止，他们还找不到任何证据来证明日本与渤海之间的相互关系。田村光一从1992年起就对这一问题感兴趣。因此，田村和他的合作调查员从1998年开始在俄罗斯考古学家的合作下挖掘克拉斯基诺古镇的证据。我们的发掘仅限于该镇的东门和东墙。1998年，我们发现东墙可能是由于尔钦修复的，东门的施工工艺与老城墙不同。1999年，我们也发掘了东门，并确认城门的修建晚于老城墙的建造。在东墙地区，我们挖掘了一些建筑的石基遗迹，但它被严重破坏，所以我们不能理解这个建筑的计划。总的来说，我们的挖掘季节不是很好，我们经常遭受暴雨和大量的泉水。因此，我们无法到达渤海时期的地层。克拉斯基诺古镇的发掘才刚刚开始。“日本岛”的证明还没有实现。

Kraskino ancient town has been pronouced as the port town of P'o-hai related to "Nippon-Do", namely the road to Japan. Since 1980, in many times Kraskino ancient town was exca=vated by Russian archaeologists who belonged to the Institute of History, Archaeology and Far East People's Ethnology. But until nowadays, they can not find any evidences which prove the interrelations between Japan and P'o-hai.Koichi Tamura, head of this investigation, have been interested in this problem since 1992. So Tamura and his co-investigator have been excavating Kraskino ancient town in order to find evidences under cooperation of Russian archaeologists from 1998.Our excavation were limitted to east gate and east wall of the town.In 1998, we discovered that the east wall had been repaired perhaps by Jurchin, and that constructins techniques of east gate was different to that of the old wall of the town.In 1999, we excavated the east gate also, and confirmed that the gate was built later than construction of the old wall. At the area of east wall, we excavated remains of stone base of some construction, but it was severly destroied, so we cannot understand the plan of this construction.Generally speaking, season of our excavation was not so good, We were always suffered by heavy rain and a lot of spring water. So we can not reach to the layer of P'o-hai period.The excavation of ancient town Kraskino is just only started. Proof of "Nippon-Do" is not yet achieved.