Christianity and Socio-Cultural Changes in South Asian Societies

这是一个为期两年的项目，研究法国大革命后基督教传教士在南印度、斯里兰卡、西印度洋地区、毛里求斯、留尼汪和马达加斯加等地的南亚社会文明，以及这些社会的社会文化变化。四名成员在南亚社会共进行了九次实地研究。此外，在大阪国立民族学博物馆、长崎准信大学等地举行的研讨会上，也会阅读论文。我们在整个项目中探索的要点如下。1)历史上，基督教传教士一直在争论他们如何与印度的种姓制度和解。从教义上讲，传教士对种姓制度持否定态度。然而，实际上，他们与种姓制度妥协了。然而，天主教徒、圣公会教徒和新教徒之间存在着严重的分歧，传教团体之间的分歧更甚。3)由于扭曲的过程，南亚社会的社会文化变迁也发生了扭曲，尤其是在法国大革命之后。4)在基督教传教士直接或间接影响下的宗教改革运动，自法国大革命后传教士随殖民主义来到南亚以来，转变为宗教民族主义。5)玛丽亚崇拜是基督教本土化进入南亚社会的关键人物。因为在印度教传统中，玛丽亚被视为母亲女神之一。

This is a two years project on the civilization of South Asians societies in South India, Sri Lanka, and Western Indian Ocean Area, Mauritius, Reunion and Madagascar, by Christian missionaries after French Revolution, and the socio-cultural changes in these societies. Four members conducted totally nine times field researches in South Asians societies. Project members also read papers in the occasions of seminars in National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, and Nagasaki Junshin University. The points we explored throughout this project are as follows. 1) Historically, the Christian missionaries has argued about how they reconciled with caste system in India. Dogmatically, Missionaries were to be negative on the caste system. 2) However, actually, they compromised with the caste system. However, there were severe differences among Catholics, Anglicans and Protestants, more than that, among missionary societies. 3) As the result of twisted process, the socio-cultural changes in South Asian societies also twisted particularly after French Revolution. 4) The religious reform movements under direct and indirect influences of the Christian missionaries transformed into religious nationalism since the missionaries came to the areas along with colonialism after French Revolution. 5) The Maria worship was a key figure to localize the Christianity into the South Asian societies, for Maria was regarded as one of Mother-Goddesses in Hindu Traditions.