Collaboration on the late effect of radiation around Semipalatinsk nuclear testing site

自1995年以来，我们一直在塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场(SNTS)周围进行调查。1998年，长崎大学和塞米巴拉金斯克医学院建立了姊妹大学关系。基于这种关系，我们从塞米巴拉金斯克录取了一名研究生课程的学生。1999年，我们首次报道了SNTS周围甲状腺癌患者ret/PTC3重排的发生率(Lancet 354：1528-29,1999)。此外，我们聚焦于SNTS周围皮肤癌发病率的上升，并对东哈萨克斯坦国家(包括SNTS)和日本之间的基础细胞癌(BCC)进行了比较病理和分子分析，BCC被认为是在低到中等剂量的辐射照射下迟发有效的。我们的研究结果如下：1)组织学上，哈萨克斯坦的实体亚型病例的百分比明显高于日本；2)在日本的切片和…中观察到高度的P53过度表达(2)东哈萨克斯坦人基底细胞癌非肿瘤性基底细胞层中P53过度表达的发生率明显高于日本人，提示P53异常是肾小管周围基底细胞癌发生的早期事件。此外，我们还观察了连接细胞骨架和细胞外黏附系统的一组细胞内黏附分子--连环蛋白基因在甲状腺癌SNTS周围的定位，发现与慢性甲状腺炎和甲状腺肿大相比，连环蛋白易位到胞浆中的发生率较高。此外，为了提高甲状腺癌患者的诊断、治疗和随访水平，我们在1999年引入了一种远程医疗辅助系统，即在长崎和半透明带之间引入了远程医疗系统。自成立以来，从塞米巴拉金斯克向长崎的专家发送了600多例疑似甲状腺异常病例的图像，以寻求诊断支持。在这些病例中，一些被发现患有甲状腺癌，这一点得到了细胞学检查的证实。这些案例也将使用上述分子技术进行分析。较少

Since 1995, we have been performing investigations around Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site(SNTS). In 1998, Nagasaki University and Semipalatinsk Medical Academy connected a sister university relationship. Based on this relationship, we accepted one post-graduate course student from Semipalatinsk. In 1999, we firstly demostrated the incidence of ret/PTC3 rearrangement in patients with thyroid cancer around SNTS (Lancet 354 : 1528-29, 1999). Furthermore, we focused on an increasing incidence of skin cancer around SNTS, and performed a comparative pathological and molecular analysis of basic cell carcinoma(BCC), which is thought to be induced late-effectively at low to medium radiation-exposed doses, between East Kazakhstan State(including SNTS) and Japan. Results of our study are as follows,i) histologically, the percentage of solid subtype cases in Kazakhstan is significantly higher than in Japan,ii) P53 overexpression was observed was highly observed in sections from Japan, as well a … More s from East Kazakhstan, andiii) The incidence of p53 overexpression in non-neoplastic basal cell layer of epidermis surrounding BCC from East Kazakhstan is significantly higher than that from Japan.These results suggest that p53 abnormalities are more frequent event at early stages of carcinogenesis of BCC around SNTS than in Japan. Further investigation on molecular level is needed.Furthermore, we observed a localization of _-catenin gene, which is a group of intracellular cell adhesion molecules that unite cytoskeleton with extracellular adhesion system, among thyroid cancer cases around SNTS, and identified the high incidence of translocation of _-catenin into cytosol, compared with cases of chronic thyroiditis and adnomatous goiter.Besides such a series of molecular research, in order to improve diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer, through the introduction of a distanced medical assistance system, i.e telemedicine has been introduced between Nagasaki and Semiopalatinsk in 1999. Since its establishment, images of over 600 cases, that were suspected to have thyroid abnormalities, have been sent from Semipalatinsk for diagnostic support by specialists in Nagasaki. Among these cases, some have been revealed to have thyroid cancers, confirmed by cytological findings. These cases will be also analyzed using above mentioned molecular techniques. Less