Basic research on the development of emotion regulation and its pathology : Comparing mature infants and infants born prematurely.

本研究的主要成果如下：1.研究结果表明：婴儿窘迫程度从第1个月到第10个月的变化。婴儿窘迫（大惊小怪和/或哭闹）的持续时间从出生后6-7周开始观察到10^< 100个月显著减少。被试痛苦持续时间的变异性也逐渐降低，其中4 - 6个月和7 - 10个月表现出显著的正相关，尽管观察到的痛苦频率并没有呈现恒定的变化，但在4 - 6个月观察到4 - 6个月增加或减少、逐渐增加型和逐渐减少型4种类型的频率变化。产妇干预和婴儿窘迫。婴儿痛苦的数量与母亲对婴儿气质特征的感知和母亲干预的效果之间没有显著的关系。然而，母亲的自我效能报告与母亲更频繁地感到痛苦呈负相关。此外，在1 ~ 3个月、4 ~ 6个月、4 ~ 6个月、7 ~ 10个月、1 ~ 3个月和7 ~ 10个月期间，母亲自我效能感与母亲干预、母亲对婴儿特征的影响呈显著正相关。母亲对婴儿气质特征感知与婴儿窘迫的关系。观察8月龄问卷测得的婴儿气质与1 ~ 3月龄和4 ~ 6月龄婴儿窘迫的关系。1)婴儿窘迫持续时间与婴儿气质、母亲对婴儿安抚的感知呈负相关，而婴儿窘迫出现频率与婴儿行为问卷（IBQ）结果呈正相关。2)婴儿痛苦持续时间与取向、快乐基调持续时间呈显著负相关。婴儿窘迫的母亲干预。母亲干预行为的变异性与婴儿痛苦持续时间呈显著正相关。1) 1至3个月、4至6个月、4至6个月和7至10个月的“感觉刺激”明显减少。2)在1 - 3个月和4 - 6个月期间，“玩耍”和“照顾”的时间显著增加。3)持股频率增加。少

The main results of this research are as follows :1.Change in quantity of infant distress from the first to the 10^<th> month. The length of infant distress (fussing and/or crying) decreased significantly from the beginning of observation at 6-7 week after birth to the 10^<th> month. Variability in the length of distress among subjects also decreased gradually over the period, with the period from 4 to 6 month and the period from 7 to 10 month showing significant positive correlation Although the observed frequency of distress did not show constant variation, four types of change in frequency were observed, namely, increasing or decreasing at 4 to 6 month, gradually increasing type and gradually decreasing type.2.Maternal interventions and infant distress. No significant relationship between the quantity of infant distress and maternal perceptions of infants' temperamental features and the efficacy of maternal intervention. However, a negative correlation was observed between the obser … More ved frequency of distress and maternal report of self-efficacy. Furthermore, strong positive correlations were observed between maternal self-efficacy and maternal intervention, maternal inference on infant characteristics, for the following periods : 1 to 3 month and 4 to 6 month, 4 to 6 month and 7 to 10 month, 1 to 3 month and 7 to 10 month.3.Relationship between maternal perception of infant temperamental characteristics and infant distress. Relationship between infant temperament observed at 8 month by means of questionnaire and infant distress observed at 1 to 3 month and 4 to 6 month were observed. 1)Negative correlation between length of infant distress and infant temperament, maternal perception of infant soothability was observed, while positive correlation between frequency of infant distress and distress/anger resulted from arm constraint, or distress towards novel stimuli and the results of Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ). 2)Significant negative correlation between length of infant distress and persistence of orientation, hedonic tone of infants were observed.4.Maternal intervention of infant distress. Significant positive correlation between the variability on maternal intervention behaviors and the length of infant distress was observed. 1)Significant decrease in 'Sensory Stimulation' for periods between 1 to 3 month and 4 to 6 month, between 4 to 6 month and 7 to 10 month. 2)Significant increase of 'Play' and 'Care-taking' for the periods between 1 to 3 month and 4 to 6 month. 3)Increase of frequency of holding. Less