Development of Nonhydrostatic numerical model : I. Basic framework

精确的、多用途的非流体静力数值模式系统将是下一代气象学的重要基础设施。该项目旨在建立研究社区，以开发非流体静力模型系统。为此，我们(1)推进了基于非流体静力数值模式的气象研究；(2)开发了非流体静力数值模式的动力核心；(3)开发了非流体静力数值模式的参数化方案。标准模型MRI/JMA非流体静力模型被分发给许多科学家。现在，我们正在制作这款机型的使用指南。我们回顾了非流体静力模型在该领域发展的现状和前景，并每年举办研讨会进行信息交流。陡山流动的模拟是非流体静力学模型研究的一个重要课题。我们提出了山波标准实验，用于模式间的相互比较。这对模型动力学核心的验证和改进有很大的帮助。物理参数化方案的开发有几个环节。我们开发了一套云分辨模型程序来研究参数化方案。其中，我们对云辐射-云形成反馈进行了研究。低分辨率模型在没有考虑亚网格尺度非均匀性的情况下显示了错误的大反馈。此外，我们还改进了边界层参数化方案和强降水初始化程序。

Accurate and multi-purpose nonhydrostatic numerical model systems will be very important infrastructures for the next generation of meteorology. The project aimed to establish the research community to develop the nonhydrostatic model system. For this purpose, we(1) promoted meteorological researches based on nonhydrostatic numerical model,(2) developed dynamical core of nonhydrostatic numerical models and(3) developed parameterization schemes for nonhydrostatic numerical models.The standard model, MRI/JMA nonhydrostatic model, was distributed to many scientists. Now, we are making the user's guide of this model. We reviewed the current status and future perspectives of nonhydrostatic models to cultivate this field and held workshop to exchange information every year.Simulation of flows associated with steep mountains is an important subject for nonhydrostatic model. We proposed standard experiments of mountain waves for intercomparison among models. This was very helpful for validation of model dynamical core and its improvement.There were several activities of development of physics parameterization scheme. We developed a procedure of cloud-resolving model to study parameterization schemes. Among them, we made research on cloud radiation -cloud formation feed back. The low-resolution model showed erroneously large feedback without considering subgrid-scale inhomogeneity. Also, we have improved a parameterization scheme for boundary layer and initialization procedures for heavy precipitation.