Next Generation Weather and Climate Prediction: Atmospheric Model Dynamical Core

下一代天气和气候预测：大气模型动力核心

• 批准号: NE/I02013X/1
• 负责人: Colin Cotter
• 金额: $ 15.21万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI02013X%2F1
• 关键词: Next; Generation; Weather; Climate; Prediction

The next generation of weather and climate models used by the UK Met Office (as well as the community of weather and climate researchers in the UK) will be run on supercomputers with an enormous number of processors operating in parallel. Running a weather model on such a supercomputer has the simple requirement that doubling the number of parallel processors will halve the time required to make a forecast: this is called 'parallel scaling'. It is a great challenge of scientific computing to get a computer model to scale well on massive supercomputers; unfortunately some algorithms used in models make the forecast very accurate, but do not scale well. The aim of the NGWCP project is to identify new algorithms that can scale well on supercomputers without sacrificing forecast skill (the ability of a model to correctly forecast the weather). In this proposal, we choose to concentrate on two aspects, the horizontal grid, and the transport algorithms. In the current Met Office model, a latitude-longitude grid is used in the horizontal. This type of grid has the problem that all the lines of latitude converge on the poles, so they get closer and closer together. It turns out that this is very bad for parallel scaling. In this proposal, we suggest three new types of grids that keep grid lines the same distance apart all over the globe, keeping various favourable properties of the latitude-longitude grid. Transport algorithms in the model are responsible for modelling the movement of quantities (such as temperature or moisture) with the wind. In the Met Office Model, this is done by tracing back the paths of fluid parcels around the globe. It turns out that this method is also bad for parallel scaling. In this proposal, we will investigate some recently developed alternatives that do not require these path calculations. It is essential that these algorithms reflect physical principles at work in the real atmosphere, such as the Law of Conservation of Mass.

英国气象局（以及英国的天气和气候研究人员社区）使用的下一代天气和气候模型将在超级计算机上运行，这些超级计算机具有大量并行运行的处理器。在这样的超级计算机上运行天气模型有一个简单的要求，即并行处理器的数量增加一倍将使预测所需的时间减少一半：这被称为“并行缩放”。让计算机模型在大型超级计算机上很好地扩展是科学计算的一个巨大挑战;不幸的是，模型中使用的一些算法使预测非常准确，但扩展性不好。NGWCP项目的目的是确定新的算法，这些算法可以在超级计算机上很好地扩展，而不会牺牲预测技能（模型正确预测天气的能力）。在这个建议中，我们选择集中在两个方面，水平网格，和传输算法。在目前的气象局模型中，经纬度网格用于水平方向。这种类型的网格有一个问题，即所有的纬度线都会聚在极点上，所以它们越来越近。事实证明，这对并行扩展非常不利。在这个建议中，我们提出了三种新的网格类型，使网格线在整个地球仪上保持相同的距离，保持经纬度网格的各种有利特性。模型中的传输算法负责模拟量（如温度或湿度）随风的运动。在英国气象局模型中，这是通过追溯地球仪周围流体包裹的路径来完成的。事实证明，这种方法也不利于并行缩放。在这个建议中，我们将调查一些最近开发的替代方案，不需要这些路径计算。这些算法必须反映真实的大气中的物理原理，如质量守恒定律。

项目成果

Variational formulations of sound-proof models Variational Sound-Proof Models

隔音模型的变分公式 变分隔音模型

• DOI: 10.1002/qj.2260
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Cotter C

Mixed finite elements for numerical weather prediction

用于数值天气预报的混合有限元

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1103.2440
• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Cotter C

The 'recovered space' advection scheme for lowest-order compatible finite element methods

最低阶兼容有限元方法的“恢复空间”平流方案

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2019.04.013
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Computational Physics
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Bendall T

A solution to the trilemma of the moist Charney-Phillips staggering

潮湿的查尼-菲利普斯令人震惊的三难困境的解决方案

• DOI: 10.1002/qj.4406
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Bendall T

Mixed finite elements for global tide models.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00211-015-0748-z
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Numerische mathematik
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Cotter CJ;Kirby RC
• 通讯作者: Kirby RC